Medium effects in supernovae constraints on light mediators

Abstract

In this article, we reevaluate supernovae (SN) constraints on the diffusion time of neutrinos for a family of extensions of the Standard Model that incorporate new light scalar and vector mediators. We compute the neutrino mean free path, taking into account medium effects in the neutrino-nucleon scattering cross-section, and a radial dependence of the density, energy, and temperature inside the proto-neutron star to determine the coupling strengths compatible with SN1987A constraints on the time duration signal of diffusing neutrinos. We show that medium effects can induce an order of magnitude enhancement in the neutrino mean free path with respect to the vacuum calculation. The increase is more significant when new physics terms dominate over the Standard Model contribution (that is, for small mediator mass and large couplings). Finally, we interpret these results as bounds on the parameter space of a vector $U(1{)}_{B-L}$ model and scalar lepton number conserving and lepton number violating scenarios, improving on previous results in the literature where medium effects were ignored. We show that SN constraints on the neutrino diffusion time lie within regions of the parameter space that are already ruled out by other experimental constraints. We also comment on potential limits due to changes in the SN equation of state or right-handed neutrino free-streaming, but argue that detailed numerical simulations are needed to improve the reliability of these limits.

arXiv comment21 pages, 6 figures. Extended discussion on medium effects with two new figures. Final version, published in PRD

References in corpus (60)

• Relativistic Equation of State of Nuclear Matter for Supernova and Neutron Star
• Observation of Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering
• Core-collapse supernova equations of state based on neutron star observations
• Implication of neutrino backgrounds on the reach of next generation dark matter direct detection experiments
• Evolution of Protoneutron Stars
• Excess Electronic Recoil Events in XENON1T
• Neutrino Interactions in Hot and Dense Matter
• Hunting All the Hidden Photons
• Stellar cooling bounds on new light particles: plasma mixing effects
• First Measurement of Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering on Argon
• Probing Light Thermal Dark-Matter With a Higgs Portal Mediator
• Bayesian analysis of neutrinos observed from supernova SN 1987A
• Supernova Neutrino Opacity from Nucleon-Nucleon Bremsstrahlung and Related Processes
• Medium modification of the charged current neutrino opacity and its implications
• The Effects of Correlations on Neutrino Opacities in Nuclear Matter
• Revisiting Supernova 1987A Constraints on Dark Photons
• Simultaneous Precision Spectroscopy of $pp$, ${}^7$Be, and $pep$ Solar Neutrinos with Borexino Phase-II
• Bounds on the Coupling of the Majoron to Light Neutrinos from Supernova Cooling
• Search for long-lived scalar particles in $B^{+}\to K^{+}\chi ({\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-})$ decays
• Probing neutrino coupling to a light scalar with coherent neutrino scattering
• Crucial Physical Dependencies of the Core-Collapse Supernova Mechanism
• Observational Constraints on Secret Neutrino Interactions from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
• Neutrino spectra evolution during proto-neutron star deleptonization
• Coherent Elastic Neutrino Nucleus Scattering (CE$\nu$NS) as a probe of $Z^{\prime }$ through kinetic and mass mixing effects
• Physics from solar neutrinos in dark matter direct detection experiments
• Nucleon-nucleon bremsstrahlung of dark gauge bosons and revised supernova constraints
• Solar Neutrinos as a Signal and Background in Direct-Detection Experiments Searching for Sub-GeV Dark Matter With Electron Recoils
• Implications of the first detection of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEvNS) with Liquid Argon
• How high is the neutrino floor?
• The Interplay Between Protoneutron Star Convection and Neutrino Transport in Core Collapse Supernovae
• Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering at the European Spallation Source
• Charged current neutrino interactions in hot and dense matter
• Supernova Constraints on Massive (Pseudo)Scalar Coupling to Neutrinos
• Constraints on new interactions from neutron scattering experiments
• Neutrino Discovery Limit of Dark Matter Direct Detection Experiments in the Presence of Non-Standard Interactions
• Constraints on Light Hidden Sector Gauge Bosons from Supernova Cooling
• Light new physics in XENON1T
• Solar neutrino probes of the muon anomalous magnetic moment in the gauged $U(1{)}_{L_{\mu }-L_{\tau }}$
• COHERENT Collaboration data release from the first observation of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering
• Revisiting supernova constraints on a light CP-even scalar
• Light vector mediators facing XENON1T data
• Can Solar Neutrinos be a Serious Background in Direct Dark Matter Searches?
• New physics from COHERENT data with improved Quenching Factor
• Realistic Neutrino Opacities for Supernova Simulations With Correlations and Weak Magnetism
• Sensitivity of the COHERENT Experiment to Accelerator-Produced Dark Matter
• Common Origin of Neutrino Mass and Dark Matter from Anomaly Cancellation Requirements of a $U(1{)}_{B-L}$ Model
• COHERENT constraints after the COHERENT-2020 quenching factor measurement
• Borexino and General Neutrino Interactions
• Astrophysical constraints on non-standard coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering
• Heavy sterile neutrinos in stellar core-collapse
• Implications of a new light gauge boson for neutrino physics
• Dark matter, light mediators, and the neutrino floor
• Updated Constraints on Self-Interacting Dark Matter from Supernova 1987A
• Light dark matter scattering in outer neutron star crusts
• Supersymmetric gauged U(1)${}_{L_{\mu }-L_{\tau }}$ model for neutrinos and the muon $(g-2)$ anomaly
• Constraints on General Light Mediators from PandaX-II Electron Recoil Data
• Neutrino Floor in Leptophilic $U(1)$ Models: Modification in $U(1{)}_{L_{\mu }-L_{\tau }}$
• Diffusion of dark matter in a hot and dense nuclear environment
• Neutrino-Matter Interaction Rates in Supernovae: The Essential Microphysics of Core Collapse
• Core-collapse supernova simulations: Variations of the input physics

Cited by in corpus (11)

• Snowmass White Paper: Beyond the Standard Model effects on Neutrino Flavor
• Probing non-standard neutrino interactions with a light boson from next galactic and diffuse supernova neutrinos
• Constraining self-interacting fermionic dark matter in admixed neutron stars using multimessenger astronomy
• Improved stellar limits on a light CP-even scalar
• Dark matter detectors as a novel probe for light new physics
• Resonant neutrino self-interactions and the $H_0$ tension
• Constraints from the duration of supernova neutrino burst on on-shell light gauge boson production by neutrinos
• Constraining low scale dark hypercharge symmetry at spallation, reactor and Dark Matter direct detection experiments
• Extra dimensions with light and heavy neutral leptons: An application to CE$\nu$NS
• Resonant neutrino self-interactions: Insights from the full shape galaxy power spectrum
• Oscillation-Independent Probes of Neutrino Non-Standard Interactions from Supernovae