Non-detection of Helium in the Hot Jupiter WASP-48b
arXiv:2305.02465 · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/acd34b
Abstract
Hot Jupiters orbiting extremely close to their host star may experience atmospheric escape due to the large amounts of high-energy radiation they receive. Understanding the conditions under which this occurs is critical, as atmospheric escape is believed to be a driving factor in sculpting planetary populations. In recent years, the near-infrared 10833 Å helium feature has been found to be a promising spectral signature of atmospheric escape. We use transmission spectroscopy to search for excess helium absorption in the extended atmosphere of WASP-48b, a hot Jupiter orbiting a slightly evolved, rapidly-rotating F star. The data were collected using the Habitable Zone Planet Finder spectrograph on the Hobby-Eberly Telescope. Observations were taken over the course of seven nights, from which we obtain three transits. No detectable helium absorption is seen, as absorption depth is measured to , or from a null detection. This non-detection follows our current understanding of decreasing stellar activity (and thus high-energy radiation) with age. We use a 1D isothermal Parker wind model to compare with our observations and find our non-detection can best be explained with a low planetary mass-loss rate and high thermosphere temperature. We explore our results within the context of the full sample of helium detections and non-detections to date. Surprisingly, comparing helium absorption with the stellar activity index reveals a large spread in the correlation between these two factors, suggesting that there are additional parameters influencing the helium absorption strength.
19 pages, 8 figures, 5 tables. Accepted for publication in AJ
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