A deep, multi-epoch Chandra HETG study of the ionized outflow from NGC 4051

Abstract

Actively accreting supermassive black holes significantly impact the evolution of their host galaxies, truncating further star formation by expelling large fractions of gas with wide-angle outflows. The X-ray band is key to understanding how these black hole winds affect their environment, as the outflows have high temperatures ($\sim$10${}^{5-8}$K). We have developed a Bayesian framework for characterizing Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) outflows with an improved ability to explore parameter space and perform robust model selection. We applied this framework to a new 700 ks and an archival 315 ks Chandra High Energy Transmission Gratings observation of the Seyfert galaxy NGC 4051. We have detected six absorbers intrinsic to NGC 4051. These wind components span velocities from 400 km s${}^{-1}$ to 30,000 km s${}^{-1}$. We have determined that the most statistically significant wind component is purely collisionally ionized, which is the first detection of such an absorber. This wind has $T\approx 10^7$ K and $v\approx 880$ km s${}^{-1}$ and remains remarkably stable between the two epochs. Other slow components also remain stable across time. Fast outflow components change their properties between 2008 and 2016, suggesting either physical changes or clouds moving in and out of the line of sight. For one of the fast components we obtain one of the tightest wind density measurements to date, log $n/$[cm${}^{-3}$]=13.0${}_{-0.02}^{+0.01}$, and determine that it is located at $\sim$240 gravitational radii. The estimated total outflow power surpasses 5% of the bolometric luminosity (albeit with large uncertainties) making it important in the context of galaxy-black hole interactions.

arXiv comment27 pages, 17 figures, 10 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS

References in corpus (76)

• SciPy 1.0--Fundamental Algorithms for Scientific Computing in Python
• Array Programming with NumPy
• emcee: The MCMC Hammer
• A Fundamental Relation Between Supermassive Black Holes and Their Host Galaxies
• Coevolution (Or Not) of Supermassive Black Holes and Host Galaxies
• On the Absorption of X-rays in the Interstellar Medium
• The Leiden/Argentine/Bonn (LAB) Survey of Galactic HI: Final data release of the combined LDS and IAR surveys with improved stray-radiation corrections
• A Relationship Between Nuclear Black Hole Mass and Galaxy Velocity Dispersion
• Energy input from quasars regulates the growth and activity of black holes and their host galaxies
• Observational Evidence of AGN Feedback
• Galactic Winds
• The Co-Evolution of Galaxies and Supermassive Black Holes: Insights from Surveys of the Contemporary Universe
• Information criteria for astrophysical model selection
• Broad-band gamma-ray and X-ray spectra of NGC 4151 and their implications for physical processes and geometry
• Improved Reflection Models of Black-Hole Accretion Disks: Treating the Angular Distribution of X-rays
• Powerful Outflows and Feedback from Active Galactic Nuclei
• AGN wind scaling relations and the co-evolution of black holes and galaxies
• The May 1989 outburst of the Soft X-ray Transient GS 2023+338 (V404 Cyg)
• Black Holes in Galaxy Mergers: Evolution of Quasars
• X-ray reflected spectra from accretion disk models. III. A complete grid of ionized reflection calculations
• Elemental Abundances in QSOs: Star Formation and Galactic Nuclear Evolution at High Redshifts
• The nature and origin of Seyfert warm absorbers
• The AGN Black Hole Mass Database
• The Chandra High Energy Transmission Grating: Design, Fabrication, Ground Calibration and Five Years in Flight
• The role of the reflection fraction in constraining black hole spin
• X-ray reflected spectra from accretion disk models. I. Constant density atmospheres
• The Ursa Major Cluster of Galaxies. IV ; HI synthesis observations
• Quasar Feedback: the Missing Link in Structure Formation
• Evidence for ultra-fast outflows in radio-quiet AGNs: II - detailed photo-ionization modeling of Fe K-shell absorption lines
• The Compact, Conical, Accretion-Disk Warm Absorber of the Seyfert 1 Galaxy NGC 4051 and its Implications for IGM-Galaxy Feedback Processes
• Evidence for ultra-fast outflows in radio-quiet AGNs: III - location and energetics
• A soft X-ray study of Type I AGN observed with Chandra HETGS
• The Accretion Disk Wind in the Black Hole GRO J1655-40
• Feedback from Mass Outflows in Nearby Active Galactic Nuclei I. UV and X-ray Absorbers
• High-Density Effects in X-ray Reflection Models from Accretion Disks
• A uniform metal distribution in the intergalactic medium of the Perseus cluster of galaxies
• Is AGN feedback necessary to form red elliptical galaxies?
• High-Resolution X-ray and Ultraviolet Spectroscopy of the Complex Intrinsic Absorption in NGC 4051 with Chandra and HST
• Atomic data and spectral modeling constraints from high-resolution X-ray observations of the Perseus cluster with Hitomi
• Systematic comparison of photoionised plasma codes with application to spectroscopic studies of AGN in X-rays
• The 1.5 Ms Observing Campaign on IRAS 13224-3809: X-ray Spectral Analysis I
• The history of chemical enrichment in the intracluster medium from cosmological simulations
• The Soft-Excess in Mrk 509: Warm Corona or Relativistic Reflection?
• A uniform metallicity in the outskirts of massive, nearby galaxy clusters
• Simultaneous Ultraviolet and X-ray Observations of the Seyfert Galaxy NGC 4151. I. Physical Conditions in the X-ray Absorbers
• High Density Reflection Spectroscopy I. A case study of GX~339-4
• Spatial distribution of the Milky Way hot gaseous halo constrained by Suzaku X-ray observations
• A Deep Chandra ACIS Study of NGC 4151. II. The Innermost Emission Line Region and Strong Evidence for Radio Jet-NLR Cloud Collision
• Evidence for an outflow from the Seyfert galaxy NGC 4051
• The shocked outflow in NGC 4051 - momentum-driven feedback, UFO's and warm absorbers
• A disk-dominated and clumpy circumgalactic medium of the Milky Way seen in X-ray emission
• Timing the warm absorber in NGC 4051
• A New Method for Measuring Extragalactic Distances
• An extended XMM-Newton observation of the Seyfert galaxy NGC 4051. I. Evidence for a shocked outflow
• CHEERS results on Mrk 573: Study of deep Chandra observations
• Density diagnostics of ionized outflows in active galactic nuclei: X-ray and UV absorption lines from metastable levels in Be-like to C-like ions
• High-resolution X-ray spectroscopy of the low and high states of the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 4051 with Chandra LETGS
• Contemporaneous Chandra HETG and Suzaku X-ray Observations of NGC 4051
• The flux-dependent X-ray time lags in NGC 4051
• Warm Absorbers and Outflows in the Seyfert-1 Galaxy NGC 4051
• Probing the structure of the gas in the Milky Way through X-ray high resolution spectroscopy
• The Ultra-Fast Outflow of the Quasar PG 1211+143 as Viewed by Time-Averaged Chandra Grating Spectroscopy
• CHEERS Results from NGC 3393, III: Chandra X-ray Spectroscopy of the Narrow Line Region
• A high-density relativistic reflection origin for the soft and hard X-ray excess emission from Mrk 1044
• The Fe XXII I(11.92 A)/I(11.77 A) Density Diagnostic Applied to the Chandra High Energy Transmission Grating Spectrum of EX Hydrae
• A characterization of the NGC 4051 soft X-ray spectrum as observed by XMM-Newton
• The Complicated Evolution of the ACIS Contamination Layer over the Mission Life of the Chandra X-ray Observatory
• A Jet Model for the Broadband Spectrum of the Seyfert-1 Galaxy NGC 4051
• Probing the hot X-ray gas in the narrow-line region of Mrk 3
• Photoionization Models for High Density Gas
• A Redshifted Inner Disk Atmosphere and Transient Absorbers in the Ultra-Compact Neutron Star X-ray Binary 4U 1916-053
• Nature of the Warm Absorber Outflow in NGC 4051
• The $M-\sigma$ relation between supermassive black holes and their host galaxies
• Radiation-pressure Waves and Multiphase Quasar Outflows
• MPI_XSTAR: MPI-based Parallelization of the XSTAR Photoionization Program
• The Broad Line Region in NGC 4051: An Inflow Illuminated by a 10^5 K Accretion Disk

Cited by in corpus (2)

• Scientific Objectives of the Hot Universe Baryon Surveyor (HUBS) Mission
• Investigating the complex absorbers of Mrk 766 with XMM-Newton