A Bayesian approach to high fidelity interferometric calibration II: demonstration with simulated data

Abstract

In a companion paper, we presented BayesCal, a mathematical formalism for mitigating sky-model incompleteness in interferometric calibration. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of BayesCal to calibrate the degenerate gain parameters of full-Stokes simulated observations with a HERA-like hexagonal close-packed redundant array, for three assumed levels of completeness of the a priori known component of the calibration sky model. We compare the BayesCal calibration solutions to those recovered by calibrating the degenerate gain parameters with only the a priori known component of the calibration sky model both with and without imposing physically motivated priors on the gain amplitude solutions and for two choices of baseline length range over which to calibrate. We find that BayesCal provides calibration solutions with up to four orders of magnitude lower power in spurious gain amplitude fluctuations than the calibration solutions derived for the same data set with the alternate approaches, and between $\sim 10^7$ and $\sim 10^{10}$ times smaller than in the mean degenerate gain amplitude on the full range of spectral scales accessible in the data. Additionally, we find that in the scenarios modelled only BayesCal has sufficiently high fidelity calibration solutions for unbiased recovery of the 21 cm power spectrum on large spectral scales ($k_{\parallel }\lesssim 0.15h{\mathrm{Mpc}}^{-1}$). In all other cases, in the completeness regimes studied, those scales are contaminated.

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• Delay-Weighted Calibration: Precision Calibration for 21 cm Cosmology with Resilience to Sky Model Error
• Rapid and Late Cosmic Reionization Driven by Massive Galaxies: a Joint Analysis of Constraints from 21-cm, Lyman Line & CMB Data Sets
• A general Bayesian model-validation framework based on null-test evidence ratios, with an example application to global 21-cm cosmology
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• A Bayesian approach to high fidelity interferometric calibration I: mathematical formalism
• Optimizing Foreground Modelling for Global 21cm Cosmology with GPU-Accelerated Nested Sampling