Mass Testing and Characterization of 20-inch PMTs for JUNO

Abstract

Main goal of the JUNO experiment is to determine the neutrino mass ordering using a 20kt liquid-scintillator detector. Its key feature is an excellent energy resolution of at least 3 % at 1 MeV, for which its instruments need to meet a certain quality and thus have to be fully characterized. More than 20,000 20-inch PMTs have been received and assessed by JUNO after a detailed testing program which began in 2017 and elapsed for about four years. Based on this mass characterization and a set of specific requirements, a good quality of all accepted PMTs could be ascertained. This paper presents the performed testing procedure with the designed testing systems as well as the statistical characteristics of all 20-inch PMTs intended to be used in the JUNO experiment, covering more than fifteen performance parameters including the photocathode uniformity. This constitutes the largest sample of 20-inch PMTs ever produced and studied in detail to date, i.e. 15,000 of the newly developed 20-inch MCP-PMTs from Northern Night Vision Technology Co. (NNVT) and 5,000 of dynode PMTs from Hamamatsu Photonics K. K.(HPK).

References in corpus (10)

• Solar neutrino measurements in Super-Kamiokande-II
• Calibration Strategy of the JUNO Experiment
• Vertex and Energy Reconstruction in JUNO with Machine Learning Methods
• Mass production and characterization of 3-inch PMTs for the JUNO experiment
• Qualification Tests of 474 Photomultiplier Tubes for the Inner Detector of the Double Chooz Experiment
• Large photocathode 20-inch PMT testing methods for the JUNO experiment
• Gain and charge response of 20 inch MCP and dynode PMTs
• A container-based facility for testing 20'000 20-inch PMTs for JUNO
• Qualification tests of 997 8-inch photomultiplier tubes for the water Cherenkov detector array of the LHAASO experiment
• Characterisation of the Hamamatsu R12199-01 HA MOD photomultiplier tube for low temperature applications

Cited by in corpus (15)

• Potential to identify neutrino mass ordering with reactor antineutrinos at JUNO
• Prediction of Energy Resolution in the JUNO Experiment
• Simulation Software of the JUNO Experiment
• Mass testing of the JUNO experiment 20-inch PMTs readout electronics
• Validation and integration tests of the JUNO 20-inch PMTs readout electronics
• Simulating the secondary electron avalanche of MCP by Geant4
• Implementation and performances of the IPbus protocol for the JUNO Large-PMT readout electronics
• Performance evaluation of the 8-inch MCP-PMT for Jinping Neutrino Experiment
• Design of the PMT underwater cascade implosion protection system for JUNO
• Single electron charge spectra of 8-inch high-collection-efficiency MCP-PMTs
• Check on the features of potted 20-inch PMTs with 1F3 electronics prototype at Pan-Asia
• Sub-GeV Dark Matter Direct Detection with Neutrino Observatories
• Neutron source-based event reconstruction algorithm in large liquid scintillator detectors
• Characterization of the TruSense S310 Laser Range System for Contact-less Measurement of Liquid Levels in Large-Volume Neutrino Detectors
• Signatures of supermassive charged gravitinos in liquid scintillator detectors