A quantitative approach to select PMTs for large detectors

Abstract

Photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) are widely used in neutrino and other experiments for the detection of weak light. To date PMTs are the most sensitive single photon detector per unit area. In addition to the quantum efficiency for photon detection, there are a number of other specifications, such as rate and amplitude of after-pulses, dark noise rate, transit time spread, radioactive background of glass, peak-to-valley ratio, etc. All affect the photon detection and hence the physics goals. In addition, cost is another major factor for large experiments. It is important to know how to properly take into account all these parameters and choose the most appropriate PMTs. In this paper, we present an approach to quantify the impact of all parameters on the physics goals, including cost and risk. This method has been successfully used in the JUNO experiment. It can be applied to other experiments with large number of PMTs.

arXiv comment15 pages, 3 figures

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Cited by in corpus (12)

• Mass Testing and Characterization of 20-inch PMTs for JUNO
• A complete optical model for liquid-scintillator detectors
• Embedded Readout Electronics R&D for the Large PMTs in the JUNO Experiment
• JUNO Sensitivity on Proton Decay $p\to \bar{\nu }{K}^{+}$ Searches
• Gain and charge response of 20 inch MCP and dynode PMTs
• Mass testing of the JUNO experiment 20-inch PMTs readout electronics
• A container-based facility for testing 20'000 20-inch PMTs for JUNO
• JUNO Physics and Detector
• Study of 20-inch PMTs dark count generated large pulses
• Check on the features of potted 20-inch PMTs with 1F3 electronics prototype at Pan-Asia
• Optimization of geomagnetic shielding based on detection efficiency
• Characterization of the Hamamatsu 8-inch R14688-100 PMT