Warm Dark Matter Constraints Using Milky-Way Satellite Observations and Subhalo Evolution Modeling

Abstract

Warm dark matter (WDM) can potentially explain small-scale observations that currently challenge the cold dark matter (CDM) model, as warm particles suppress structure formation due to free-streaming effects. Observing small-scale matter distribution provides a valuable way to distinguish between CDM and WDM. In this work, we use observations from the Dark Energy Survey and PanSTARRS1, which observe 270 Milky-Way satellites after completeness corrections. We test WDM models by comparing the number of satellites in the Milky Way with predictions derived from the Semi-Analytical SubHalo Inference ModelIng (SASHIMI) code, which we develop based on the extended Press-Schechter formalism and subhalos' tidal evolution prescription. We robustly rule out WDM with masses lighter than 4.4 keV at 95% confidence level for the Milky-Way halo mass of $10^{12}{M}_{\odot }$. The limits are a weak function of the (yet uncertain) Milky-Way halo mass, and vary as $m_{\mathrm{WDM}}>3.6$-$5.1$ keV for $(0.6$-$2.0)\times 10^{12}{M}_{\odot }$. For the sterile neutrinos that form a subclass of WDM, we obtain the constraints of $m_{{\nu }_s}>11.6$ keV for the Milky-Way halo mass of $10^{12}{M}_{\odot }$. These results based on SASHIMI do not rely on any assumptions of galaxy formation physics or are not limited by numerical resolution. The models, therefore, offer a robust and fast way to constrain the WDM models. By applying a satellite forming condition, however, we can rule out the WDM mass lighter than 9.0 keV for the Milky-Way halo mass of $10^{12}{M}_{\odot }$.

14 pages, 8 figures; Comments welcome. v2: Accepted for publication in PRD

References in corpus (107)

• A Universal Density Profile from Hierarchical Clustering
• Seven-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Cosmological Interpretation
• Planck 2013 results. XVI. Cosmological parameters
• Dark Matter Substructure in Galactic Halos
• Where are the missing galactic satellites?
• The Aquarius Project: the subhalos of galactic halos
• Small-Scale Challenges to the $\Lambda$CDM Paradigm
• Physical Models of Galaxy Formation in a Cosmological Framework
• Too big to fail? The puzzling darkness of massive Milky Way subhaloes
• SparsePak: A Formatted Fiber Field Unit for The WIYN Telescope Bench Spectrograph. I. Design, Construction, and Calibration
• Constraining Warm Dark Matter candidates including sterile neutrinos and light gravitinos with WMAP and the Lyman-alpha forest
• The clustering of galaxies in the SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: Baryon Acoustic Oscillations in the Data Release 9 Spectroscopic Galaxy Sample
• Observational and Theoretical Constraints on Singular Dark Matter Halos
• The Connection between Galaxies and their Dark Matter Halos
• A New Dark Matter Candidate: Non-thermal Sterile Neutrinos
• Detection of An Unidentified Emission Line in the Stacked X-ray spectrum of Galaxy Clusters
• The Milky Way's bright satellites as an apparent failure of LCDM
• An unidentified line in X-ray spectra of the Andromeda galaxy and Perseus galaxy cluster
• The subhalo populations of LCDM dark haloes
• The role of sterile neutrinos in cosmology and astrophysics
• The APOSTLE simulations: solutions to the Local Group's cosmic puzzles
• The Faintest Dwarf Galaxies
• Sterile Neutrino Hot, Warm, and Cold Dark Matter
• New Constraints on the free-streaming of warm dark matter from intermediate and small scale Lyman-$\alpha$ forest data
• The Cosmic Linear Anisotropy Solving System (CLASS) I: Overview
• The properties of warm dark matter haloes
• The Structural Evolution of Substructure
• Massive sterile neutrinos as warm Dark Matter
• Sterile neutrinos, dark matter, and the pulsar velocities in models with a Higgs singlet
• Not so lumpy after all: modeling the depletion of dark matter subhalos by Milky Way-like galaxies
• The Evolution of the Intergalactic Medium
• The Milky Way total mass profile as inferred from Gaia DR2
• The Mass-Concentration-Redshift Relation of Cold and Warm Dark Matter Halos
• Milky Way Satellite Census. III. Constraints on Dark Matter Properties from Observations of Milky Way Satellite Galaxies
• Dark Matter, Baryogenesis and Neutrino Oscillations from Right Handed Neutrinos
• Why Baryons Matter: The Kinematics of Dwarf Spheroidal Satellites
• Disruption of Dark Matter Substructure: Fact or Fiction?
• The Structure and Dynamical Evolution of Dark Matter Halos
• Dark-matter sterile neutrinos in models with a gauge singlet in the Higgs sector
• A mass-dependent density profile for dark matter haloes including the influence of galaxy formation
• Warm dark matter chills out: constraints on the halo mass function and the free-streaming length of dark matter with 8 quadruple-image strong gravitational lenses
• The impact of dark matter cusps and cores on the satellite galaxy population around spiral galaxies
• The accretion history of dark matter halos III: A physical model for the concentration-mass relation
• Gaia DR2 Proper Motions of Dwarf Galaxies within 420 kpc: Orbits, Milky Way Mass, Tidal Influences, Planar Alignments, and Group Infall
• Sterile neutrino dark matter bounds from galaxies of the Local Group
• Sterile neutrinos in cosmology
• There's no place like home? Statistics of Milky Way-mass dark matter halos
• Mass and shape of the Milky Way's dark matter halo with globular clusters from Gaia and Hubble
• Constraints on the Dark Matter Particle Mass from the Number of Milky Way Satellites
• The Population of Dark Matter Subhaloes: Mass Functions and Average Mass Loss Rates
• SHARP -- VII. New constraints on the dark matter free-streaming properties and substructure abundance from gravitationally lensed quasars
• Dark Matter Halo Merger Histories Beyond Cold Dark Matter: I - Methods and Application to Warm Dark Matter
• Milky Way Satellite Census. I. The Observational Selection Function for Milky Way Satellites in DES Y3 and Pan-STARRS DR1
• Constraints on Warm Dark Matter from Cosmological Reionization
• The chosen few: the low mass halos that host faint galaxies
• A Magellanic Origin of the DES Dwarfs
• New Constraints on Sterile Neutrino Dark Matter from $NuSTAR$ M31 Observations
• Discovery of a 3.5 keV line in the Galactic Center and a Critical Look at the Origin of the Line Across Astronomical Targets
• Constraining the WDM Particle Mass with Milky Way Satellites
• Constraints on 3.55 keV line emission from stacked observations of dwarf spheroidal galaxies
• (Almost) Closing the $\nu$MSM Sterile Neutrino Dark Matter Window with NuSTAR
• New Production Mechanism for keV Sterile Neutrino Dark Matter by Decays of Frozen-In Scalars
• The COpernicus COmplexio: Statistical Properties of Warm Dark Matter Haloes
• The total satellite population of the Milky Way
• The accretion history of dark matter halos I: The physical origin of the universal function
• Shaken and Stirred: The Milky Way's Dark Substructures
• Hitomi constraints on the 3.5 keV line in the Perseus galaxy cluster
• Novel constraints on the particle nature of dark matter from stellar streams
• A deep search for decaying dark matter with XMM-Newton blank-sky observations
• Joint constraints on thermal relic dark matter from strong gravitational lensing, the Lyman-$\alpha$ forest, and Milky Way satellites
• Lepton asymmetry and primordial nucleosynthesis in the era of precision cosmology
• Sterile neutrino dark matter: A tale of weak interactions in the strong coupling epoch
• Constraining sterile neutrino cosmologies with strong gravitational lensing observations at redshift z~0.2
• Constraints on the properties of warm dark matter using the satellite galaxies of the Milky Way
• NuSTAR Tests of Sterile-Neutrino Dark Matter: New Galactic Bulge Observations and Combined Impact
• The dark matter interpretation of the 3.5-keV line is inconsistent with blank-sky observations
• The Cosmogrid Simulation: Statistical Properties of Small Dark Matter Halos
• Observational rotation curves and density profiles vs. the Thomas-Fermi galaxy structure theory
• Satellite galaxies in semi-analytic models of galaxy formation with sterile neutrino dark matter
• Modeling evolution of dark matter substructure and annihilation boost
• Satellite Galaxies and Fossil Groups in the Millennium Simulation
• The cumulative mass profile of the Milky Way as determined by globular cluster kinematics from Gaia DR2
• Searching for the 3.5 keV Line in the Deep Fields with Chandra: the 10 Ms observations
• Clues to the "Magellanic Galaxy" from Cosmological Simulations
• Galaxy Formation in WDM Cosmology
• Diluted equilibrium sterile neutrino dark matter
• Closing in on Resonantly Produced Sterile Neutrino Dark Matter
• An X-ray Spectroscopic Search for Dark Matter in the Perseus Cluster with Suzaku
• Halo Substructure Boosts to the Signatures of Dark Matter Annihilation
• Decaying dark matter search with NuSTAR deep sky observations
• Boosting the annihilation boost: Tidal effects on dark matter subhalos and consistent luminosity modeling
• The Baryons in the Milky Way Satellites
• Improved Limits on Sterile Neutrino Dark Matter using Full-Sky Fermi Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor Data
• An analytical model for the accretion of dark matter subhalos
• A robust estimate of the Milky Way mass from rotation curve data
• A fresh look into the interacting dark matter scenario
• A Search for a keV Signature of Radiatively Decaying Dark Matter with Suzaku XIS Observations of the X-ray Diffuse Background
• The Non-Linear Matter Power Spectrum in Warm Dark Matter Cosmologies
• Leptonic Domains in the Early Universe and Their Implications
• Searches for sterile neutrinos and axionlike particles from the Galactic halo with eROSITA
• Cosmological Implications of Light Sterile Neutrinos produced after the QCD Phase Transition
• Searching for Sterile Neutrino with X-ray Intensity Mapping
• 7.1 keV sterile neutrino dark matter constraints from a deep Chandra X-ray observation of the Galactic bulge Limiting Window
• Decaying dark matter in dwarf spheroidal galaxies: Prospects for X-ray and gamma-ray telescopes
• Virial halo mass function in the $Planck$ cosmology
• Statistics of Dark Matter Substructure: I. Model and Universal Fitting Functions
• Towards Testing Sterile Neutrino Dark Matter with Spectrum-Roentgen-Gamma Mission

Cited by in corpus (32)

• Long-Exposure NuSTAR Constraints on Decaying Dark Matter in the Galactic Halo
• Constraining resonant dark matter self-interactions with strong gravitational lenses
• From Images to Dark Matter: End-To-End Inference of Substructure From Hundreds of Strong Gravitational Lenses
• Forecasts for Galaxy Formation and Dark Matter Constraints from Dwarf Galaxy Surveys
• Constraints on dark matter-neutrino scattering from the Milky-Way satellites and subhalo modeling for dark acoustic oscillations
• Post-inflationary axions: a minimal target for axion haloscopes
• Tidal evolution of cored and cuspy dark matter halos
• Warm dark matter from a gravitational freeze-in in extra dimensions
• COZMIC. I. Cosmological Zoom-in Simulations with Initial Conditions Beyond Cold Dark Matter
• Dark matter coupled to radiation: Limits from the Milky Way satellites
• Mixed Warm Dark Matter Constraints using Milky Way Satellite Galaxy Counts
• Impact of bound states on non-thermal dark matter production
• Thermal effects in freeze-in neutrino dark matter production
• Dark Matter Freeze-In and Small-Scale Observables: Novel Mass Bounds and Viable Particle Candidates
• Twin Sterile Neutrino Dark Matter
• Anticipating the XRISM search for the decay of resonantly produced sterile neutrino dark matter
• COZMIC. II. Cosmological Zoom-in Simulations with Fractional non-CDM Initial Conditions
• Generation of neutrino dark matter, baryon asymmetry, and radiation after quintessential inflation
• Using dust to constrain dark matter models
• The Effective Field Theory of Large Scale Structure for Mixed Dark Matter Scenarios
• Detecting Boosted Dark Photons with Gaseous Detectors
• Distinguishing thermal histories of dark matter from structure formation
• Macromodel-free flux-ratio prediction in quadruply imaged quasars with local constraints from lensed arcs
• Searching for Particle Dark Matter with eROSITA Early Data
• WIMP decay as a possible Warm Dark Matter model
• Probabilistic Inference of the Structure and Orbit of Milky Way Satellites with Semi-Analytic Modeling
• Probing non-thermal light DM with structure formation and $N_{\mathrm{eff}}$
• Warm, not Fuzzy: Generalized Ultralight Dark Matter Limits from Milky Way Satellites
• Prompt cusps in hierarchical dark matter halos: Implications for annihilation boost
• Comparison of simulations and semi-analytical model for WDM subhalo mass functions
• Structure-wide dark matter density depletion induced by local degeneracies
• Tidal adaptive softening and artificial fragmentation in cosmological simulations