L-GALAXIES 2020: The formation and chemical evolution of stellar haloes in Milky Way Analogues and galaxy clusters

Abstract

We present an analysis of the formation and chemical evolution of stellar haloes around (a) Milky Way Analogue (MWA) galaxies and (b) galaxy clusters in the L-Galaxies 2020 semi-analytic model of galaxy evolution. Observed stellar halo properties are better reproduced when assuming a gradual stripping model for the removal of cold gas and stars from satellites, compared to an instantaneous stripping model. The slope of the stellar mass -- metallicity relation for MWA stellar haloes is in good agreement with that observed in the local Universe. This extends the good agreement between L-Galaxies 2020 and metallicity observations from the gas and stars inside galaxies to those outside. Halo stars contribute on average only $\sim 0.1$ per cent of the total circumgalactic medium (CGM) enrichment by $z=0$ in MWAs, ejecting predominantly carbon produced by AGB stars. Around a quarter of MWAs have a single `significant progenitor' with a mean mass of $\sim 2.3\times 10^9{M}_{\odot }$, similar to that measured for Gaia Enceladus. For galaxy clusters, L-Galaxies 2020 shows good correspondence with observations of stellar halo mass fractions, but slightly over-predicts stellar masses. Assuming a Navarro-Frenk-White profile for the stellar halo mass distribution provides the best agreement. On average, the intracluster stellar component (ICS) is responsible for 5.4 per cent of the total intracluster medium (ICM) iron enrichment, exceeding the contribution from the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) by $z=0$. We find that considering gradual stripping of satellites and realistic radial profiles is crucial for accurately modelling stellar halo formation on all scales in semi-analytic models.

arXiv comment19 pages, 17 figures. Submitted to MNRAS, comments welcome

References in corpus (87)

• A Universal Density Profile from Hierarchical Clustering
• The chemical composition of the Sun
• Gaia Data Release 2. Summary of the contents and survey properties
• Simulating the joint evolution of quasars, galaxies and their large-scale distribution
• Populating a cluster of galaxies - I. Results at z=0
• Binary interaction dominates the evolution of massive stars
• First results from the IllustrisTNG simulations: the stellar mass content of groups and clusters of galaxies
• The hierarchical formation of the brightest cluster galaxies
• The merger that led to the formation of the Milky Way's inner stellar halo and thick disk
• From dwarf spheroidals to cDs: Simulating the galaxy population in a LCDM cosmology
• Co-formation of the Galactic disc and the stellar halo
• The Field of Streams: Sagittarius and its Siblings
• Galaxy formation in the Planck Cosmology - I. Matching the observed evolution of star formation rates, colours and stellar masses
• Two Stellar Components in the Halo of the Milky Way
• The Large, Oxygen-Rich Halos of Star-Forming Galaxies Are A Major Reservoir of Galactic Metals
• The Auriga Project: the properties and formation mechanisms of disc galaxies across cosmic time
• Two distinct halo populations in the solar neighborhood. Evidence from stellar abundance ratios and kinematics
• Evidence for Two Early Accretion Events That Built the Milky Way Stellar Halo
• K-band Properties of Galaxy Clusters and Groups: Brightest Cluster Galaxies and Intracluster Light
• Structure and Kinematics of the Stellar Halos and Thick Disks of the Milky Way Based on Calibration Stars from SDSS DR7
• COLOSSUS: A python toolkit for cosmology, large-scale structure, and dark matter halos
• Two populations of progenitors for type Ia SNe?
• The accretion origin of the Milky Way's stellar halo
• Chemical yields from low- and intermediate-mass stars: model predictions and basic observational constraints
• A Census of Baryons in Galaxy Clusters and Groups
• The Metal Content of Dwarf Starburst Winds: Results from Chandra Observations of NGC 1569
• Numerical study of halo concentrations in dark-energy cosmologies
• The Hubble Higher-Z Supernova Search: Supernovae to z=1.6 and Constraints on Type Ia Progenitor Models
• SDSS IV MaNGA - Metallicity and nitrogen abundance gradients in local galaxies
• The Milky Way stellar halo out to 40 kpc : Squashed, broken but smooth
• The delay-time distribution of type-Ia supernovae from Sloan II
• The rates of Type Ia Supernovae. I. Analytical Formulations
• The Milky Way has no in-situ halo other than the heated thick disc. Composition of the stellar halo and age-dating the last significant merger with Gaia DR2 and APOGEE
• The SILCC project: III. Regulation of star formation and outflows by stellar winds and supernovae
• The Auriga Stellar Haloes: Connecting stellar population properties with accretion and merging history
• Building Late-Type Spiral Galaxies by In-Situ and Ex-Situ Star Formation
• The Streams of the Gaping Abyss: A population of entangled stellar streams surrounding the Inner Galaxy
• Charting the Galactic acceleration field I. A search for stellar streams with Gaia DR2 and EDR3 with follow-up from ESPaDOnS and UVES
• The Atomic to Molecular Transition and its Relation to the Scaling Properties of Galaxy Disks in the Local Universe
• Formation of In Situ Stellar Haloes in Milky Way-Mass Galaxies
• The total stellar halo mass of the Milky Way
• The origin of galactic metal-rich stellar halo components with highly eccentric orbits
• The Dragonfly Nearby Galaxies Survey. I. Substantial variation in the diffuse stellar halos around spiral galaxies
• Diverse Stellar Haloes in Nearby Milky Way-Mass Disc Galaxies
• Intracluster light: a luminous tracer for dark matter in clusters of galaxies
• The radial profile and flattening of the Milky Way's stellar halo to $80$kpc from the SEGUE K-giant Survey
• The Stellar Metallicity Distribution Function of the Galactic Halo from SDSS Photometry
• Co-evolution of BCGs and ICL using CLASH
• Two distinct halo populations in the solar neighborhood. III. Evidence from stellar ages and orbital parameters
• L-GALAXIES 2020: Spatially resolved cold gas phases, star formation and chemical enrichment in galactic discs
• Resolving the Metallicity Distribution of the Stellar Halo with the H3 Survey
• Stellar Absorption Line Analysis of Local Star-Forming Galaxies: The Relation Between Stellar Mass, Metallicity, Dust Attenuation and Star Formation Rate
• Quantifying Supernovae-Driven Multiphase Galactic Outflows
• Modelling Element Abundances in Semi-analytic Models of Galaxy Formation
• The GHOSTS survey. II. The diversity of Halo Color and Metallicity Profiles of Massive Disk Galaxies
• A new formulation of the Type Ia SN rate and its consequences on galactic chemical evolution
• Star Formation and Metallicity Gradients in Semi-analytic Models of Disk Galaxy Formation
• Galactic chemical evolution in hierarchical formation models - I. Early-type galaxies in the local Universe
• The supernova rate in local galaxy clusters
• The ARTEMIS simulations: stellar haloes of Milky Way-mass galaxies
• The Halo's Ancient Metal-Rich Progenitor Revealed with BHB Stars
• A Low-Mass Stellar-Debris Stream Associated with a Globular Cluster Pair in the Halo
• Chemical evolution of local galaxies in a hierarchical model
• On the Origin of Intracluster Light in Massive Galaxy Clusters
• Characterizing Intra-cluster light in the Hubble Frontier Fields
• Deep SDSS optical spectroscopy of distant halo stars I. Atmospheric parameters and stellar metallicity distribution
• Can a "standard" Initial Mass Function explain the metal enrichment in clusters of galaxies?
• Tidal Disruption of Satellite Galaxies in a Semi-Analytic Model of Galaxy Formation
• The Pristine survey VIII: The metallicity distribution function of the Milky Way halo down to the extremely metal-poor regime
• Present-day mass-metallicity relation for galaxies using a new electron-temperature method
• Characterising stellar halo populations I: An extended distribution function for halo K giants
• Evidence for the inside-out growth of the stellar mass distribution in galaxy clusters since z~1
• The similarity of the stellar mass fractions of galaxy groups and clusters
• Intracluster supernovae in the Multi-epoch Nearby Cluster Survey
• L-GALAXIES 2020: The evolution of radial metallicity profiles and global metallicities in disc galaxies
• Stellar population and the origin of intra-cluster stars around brightest cluster galaxies: the case of NGC 3311
• The Growth of Brightest Cluster Galaxies and Intracluster Light Over the Past Ten Billion Years
• Full 5D characterisation of the Sagittarius stream with Gaia DR2 RR Lyrae
• The Fractions of Inner- and Outer-Halo Stars in the Local Volume
• Resolution-independent modeling of environmental effects in semi-analytic models of galaxy formation that include ram-pressure stripping of both hot and cold gas
• Disentangling the ICL with the CHEFs: Abell 2744 as a case study
• Iron in galaxy groups and clusters: Confronting galaxy evolution models with a newly homogenised dataset
• The Enrichment of the Intracluster Medium
• Perspectives on Intracluster Enrichment and the Stellar Initial Mass Function in Elliptical Galaxies
• Discovery of a new nearby globular cluster with extreme kinematics located in the extension of a halo stream
• Cosmic metal density evolution in neutral gas: insights from observations and cosmological simulations
• The nature of the Milky Way's stellar halo revealed by the three integrals of motion

Cited by in corpus (3)

• Are Milky-Way-like galaxies like the Milky Way? A view from SDSS-IV/MaNGA
• Simultaneously Modelling Dusty Star Forming Galaxies and Massive Quiescents: A Calibration Framework for Galaxy Formation Models
• Massive Star Clusters in the Semi-Analytical Galaxy Formation Model L-Galaxies 2020