A simple numerical experiment on the dust temperature bias for Lyman break galaxies at $z\gtrsim 5$

Abstract

Some studies suggest that the dust temperatures ($T_{\mathrm{d}}$) in high-redshift ($z\gtrsim 5$) Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) are high. However, possible observational bias in $T_{\mathrm{d}}$ is yet to be understood. Thus, we perform a simple test using random realizations of LBGs with various stellar masses, dust temperatures, and dust-to-stellar mass ratios, and examine how the sample detected by ALMA is biased in terms of $T_{\mathrm{d}}$. We show that ALMA tends to miss high-$T_{\mathrm{d}}$ objects even at total dust luminosity. LBGs are, however, basically selected by the stellar UV luminosity. The dust-temperature bias in a UV-selected sample is complicated because of the competing effects between high $T_{\mathrm{d}}$ and low dust abundance. For ALMA Band 6, there is no tendency of high-$T_{\mathrm{d}}$ LBGs being more easily detected in our experiment. Thus, we suggest that the observed trend of high $T_{\mathrm{d}}$ in $z\gtrsim 5$ LBGs is real. We also propose that the 450 $\mu$m band is useful in further clarifying the dust temperatures. To overcome the current shallowness of 450 $\mu$m observations, we examine a future Antarctic 30-m class telescope with a suitable atmospheric condition for wavelengths $\lesssim 450\mu$m, where the detection is not confusion-limited. We find that, with this telescope, an $L_{\mathrm{IR}}$-selected sample with $\log (L_{\mathrm{IR}}/{\mathrm{L}}_{\odot })>11$ is constructed for $z\gtrsim 5$, and detection in the intermediate-$M_{\star }$ (stellar mass) range [$9<\log (M_{\star }/M_{\odot })<9.5$] is much improved, especially at high $T_{\mathrm{d}}$.

11 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS

References in corpus (30)

• A simple model to interpret the ultraviolet, optical and infrared emission from galaxies
• Dust Masses, PAH Abundances, and Starlight Intensities in the SINGS Galaxy Sample
• Dust Formation and Survival in Supernova Ejecta
• A dusty, normal galaxy in the epoch of reionization
• Dust in the reionization era: ALMA observations of a $z$=8.38 Galaxy
• Evolution of the dust emission of massive galaxies up to z=4 and constraints on their dominant mode of star formation
• Fragmentation of star-forming clouds enriched with the first dust
• ALMA Imaging of Gas and Dust in a Galaxy Protocluster at Redshift 5.3: [CII] Emission in "Typical" Galaxies and Dusty Starbursts ~1 Billion Years after the Big Bang
• The Evolution of the IR Luminosity Function and Dust-obscured Star Formation in the Last 13 Billion Years
• Dust attenuation, dust emission, and dust temperature in galaxies at z>=5: a view from the FIRE-2 simulations
• Are high redshift Galaxies hot? - Temperature of z > 5 Galaxies and Implications on their Dust Properties
• Decoding the stellar fossils of the dusty Milky Way progenitors
• ALMA Characterises the Dust Temperature of z ~ 5.5 Star-Forming Galaxies
• Accurate dust temperature determination in a $z=7.13$ galaxy
• Dust scaling relations in a cosmological simulation
• Dust temperature in ALMA $\hbox{[C $\scriptstyle\rm II $]}$-detected high-$z$ galaxies
• SCUBA-2 Ultra Deep Imaging EAO Survey (STUDIES): Faint-End Counts at 450 um
• Where does galactic dust come from?
• Interpreting the evolution of galaxy colours from $z=8$ to $z=5$
• The Atacama Large Aperture Submillimetre Telescope (AtLAST)
• Dust evolution in zoom-in cosmological simulations of galaxy formation
• Constraining dust formation in high-redshift young galaxies
• Radiative equilibrium estimates of dust temperature and mass in high-redshift galaxies
• The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] survey: Dust mass budget in the early Universe
• Infrared emission of $z\sim 6$ galaxies: AGN imprints
• Tracing the evolution of dust-obscured activity using sub-millimetre galaxy populations from STUDIES and AS2UDS
• Populating H${}_2$ and CO in galaxy simulation with dust evolution
• Dust masses of $z>5$ galaxies from SED fitting and ALMA upper limits
• Constraint on dust evolution processes in normal galaxies at $z>6$ detected by ALMA
• Evolution of the grain size distribution in Milky Way-like galaxies in post-processed IllustrisTNG simulations

Cited by in corpus (3)

• A new look at the infrared properties of z $\sim$ 5 galaxies
• The early Universe was dust-rich and extremely hot
• Analytic models of dust temperature in high-redshift galaxies