Detection of a dense SiO jet in the evolved protostellar phase

Abstract

Jets and outflows trace the accretion history of protostars. High-velocity molecular jets have been observed from several protostars in the early Class\,0 phase of star formation, detected with the high-density tracer SiO. Until now, no clear jet has been detected with SiO emission from isolated evolved Class\,I protostellar systems. We report a prominent dense SiO jet from a Class\,I source G205S3 (HOPS\,315: T${}_{bol}$ $\sim$ 180 K, spectral index $\sim$ 0.417), with a moderately high mass-loss rate ($\sim$ 0.59 $\times$ 10${}^{-6}$ M${}_{\odot }$ yr${}^{-1}$) estimated from CO emission. Together, these features suggest that G205S3 is still in a high accretion phase, similar to that expected of Class\,0 objects. We compare G205S3 to a representative Class\,0 system G206W2 (HOPS\,399) and literature Class\,0/I sources to explore the possible explanations behind the SiO emission seen at the later phase. We estimate a high inclination angle ($\sim$ 40${}^{\circ }$) for G205S3 from CO emission, which may expose the infrared emission from the central core and mislead the spectral classification. However, the compact 1.3\,mm continuum, C${}^{18}$O emission, location in the bolometric luminosity to sub-millimeter fluxes diagram, outflow force ($\sim$ 3.26 $\times$ 10${}^{-5}$ M${}_{\odot }$km s${}^{-1}$/yr) are also analogous to that of Class\,I systems. We thus consider G205S3 to be at the very early phase of Class\,I, and in the late phase of ``high-accretion". The episodic ejection could be due to the presence of an unknown binary, a planetary companion, or dense clumps, where the required mass for such high accretion could be supplied by a massive circumbinary disk.

arXiv comment13 pages, 5 figures, Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal

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• ALMA Survey of Orion Planck Galactic Cold Clumps (ALMASOP): Evidence for a Molecular Jet Launched at an Unprecedented Early Phase of Protostellar evolution
• ALMA Survey of Orion Planck Galactic Cold Clumps (ALMASOP): Nested Morphological and Kinematic Structures of Outflows Revealed in SiO and CO Emission
• Molecular Jets from an Evolved Protostar: Insights from JWST-ALMA Synergy
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• HOPS-288: A Laboratory for Complex Organics in Proto-multiple Systems
• ALMA Survey of Orion Planck Galactic Cold Clumps (ALMASOP): Deriving Inclination Angle and Velocity of the Protostellar Jets from their SiO Knots