Extreme Active Molecular Jets in L1448C

Abstract

The protostellar jet driven by L1448C was observed in the SiO J=8-7 and CO J=3-2 lines and 350 GHz dust continuum at ~1" resolution with the Submillimeter Array (SMA). A narrow jet from the northern source L1448C(N) was observed in the SiO and the high-velocity CO. The jet consists of a chain of emission knots with an inter-knot spacing of ~2" (500 AU) and a semi-periodic velocity variation. The innermost pair of knots, which are significant in the SiO map but barely seen in the CO, are located at ~1" (250 AU) from the central source, L1448C(N). Since the dynamical time scale for the innermost pair is only ~10 yr, SiO may have been formed in the protostellar wind through the gas-phase reaction, or been formed on the dust grain and directly released into the gas phase by means of shocks. It is found that the jet is extremely active with a mechanical luminosity of ~7 L_sun, which is comparable to the bolometric luminosity of the central source (7.5 L_sun). The mass accretion rate onto the protostar derived from the mass-loss rate is ~10^{-5} M_sun/yr. Such a high mass accretion rate suggests that the mass and the age of the central star are 0.03-0.09 M_sun and (4-12)x10^3 yr, respectively, implying that the central star is in the very early stage of protostellar evolution. The low-velocity CO emission delineates two V-shaped shells with a common apex at L1448C(N). The kinematics of these shells are reproduced by the model of a wide opening angle wind. The co-existence of the highly-collimated jets and the wide-opening angle shells can be explained by the unified X-wind model" in which highly-collimated jet components correspond to the on-axis density enhancement of the wide-opening angle wind. The CO $J$=3--2 map also revealed the second outflow driven by the southern source L1448C(S) located at ~8.3" (2000 AU) from L1448C(N).

45 pages, 13 figures, Accepted for the publication in the Astrophysical Journal

References in corpus (7)

• SiO line emission from C-type shock waves : interstellar jets and outflows
• Toward understanding the formation of multiple systems - A pilot IRAM-PdBI survey of Class 0 objects
• Warm SiO gas in molecular bullets associated with protostellar outflows
• A highly-collimated SiO jet in the HH212 protostellar outflow
• Shells, jets, and internal working surfaces in the molecular outflow from IRAS 04166+2706
• Submillimeter arcsecond-resolution mapping of the highly collimated protostellar jet HH 211
• HH 212: SMA Observations of a Remarkable Protostellar Jet

Cited by in corpus (91)

• The VLA Nascent Disk and Multiplicity Survey of Perseus Protostars (VANDAM). II. Multiplicity of Protostars in the Perseus Molecular Cloud
• TADPOL: A 1.3 mm Survey of Dust Polarization in Star-forming Cores and Regions
• The VLA Nascent Disk And Multiplicity Survey of Perseus Protostars (VANDAM). IV. Free-Free Emission from Protostars: Links to Infrared Properties, Outflow Tracers, and Protostellar Disk Masses
• Characterizing young protostellar disks with the CALYPSO IRAM-PdBI survey: large Class 0 disks are rare
• SMA Observations of Class 0 Protostars: A High-Angular Resolution Survey of Protostellar Binary Systems
• A molecular survey of outflow gas: velocity-dependent shock chemistry and the peculiar composition of the EHV gas
• The Physics of Star Cluster Formation and Evolution
• Episodic molecular outflow in the very young protostellar cluster Serpens South
• A Sub-arcsecond Survey Toward Class 0 Protostars in Perseus: Searching for Signatures of Protostellar Disks
• Molecular jets from low-mass young protostellar objects
• Unveiling the Evolutionary Sequence from Infalling Envelopes to Keplerian Disks around Low-Mass Protostars
• ALMA Observations of the HH 46/47 Molecular Outflow
• The CALYPSO IRAM-PdBI survey of jets from Class 0 protostars. Are jets ubiquitous in young stars ?
• Astrometry of H${}_2$O Masers in Nearby Star-Forming Regions with VERA --- IV. L1448C
• Disentangling the entangled: Observations and analysis of the triple non-coeval protostellar system VLA1623
• Systematic analysis of spectral energy distributions and the dust opacity indices for Class 0 young stellar objects
• [OI]63micron jets in class 0 sources detected by Herschel
• Chemical and kinematic structure of extremely high-velocity molecular jets in the Serpens Main star-forming region
• Angular momentum profiles of Class 0 protostellar envelopes
• Searching for kinematic evidence of Keplerian disks around Class 0 protostars with CALYPSO
• Helical Magnetic Fields in the NGC1333 IRAS 4A Protostellar Outflows
• Investigating Protostellar Accretion-Driven Outflows Across the Mass Spectrum: JWST NIRSpec IFU 3-5~$\mu$m Spectral Mapping of Five Young Protostars
• Episodic accretion constrained by a rich cluster of outflows
• SMA observations of the polarized dust emission in solar-type Class 0 protostars: the magnetic field properties at envelope scales
• Water in low-mass star-forming regions with Herschel (WISH-LM): High-velocity H2O bullets in L1448-MM observed with HIFI
• Two Extreme Young Objects in Barnard 1-b
• Probing the CO and methanol snow lines in young protostars. Results from the CALYPSO IRAM-PdBI survey
• Shockingly low water abundances in Herschel / PACS observations of low-mass protostars in Perseus
• The detection of a hot molecular core in the extreme outer Galaxy
• Geometric and Kinematic Structure of the Outflow/Envelope System of L1527 Revealed by Subarcsecond-resolution Observation of CS
• Direct Imaging of a Compact Molecular Outflow from a Very Low-luminosity Object; L1521F-IRS
• Molecule formation in dust-poor irradiated jets I. Stationary disk winds
• High SiO abundance in the HH212 protostellar jet
• A Very Compact Extremely High Velocity Flow toward MMS 5 / OMC-3 Revealed with ALMA
• Mapping water in protostellar outflows with Herschel: PACS and HIFI observations of L1448-C
• FAUST II. Discovery of a Secondary Outflow in IRAS 15398-3359: Variability in Outflow Direction during the Earliest Stage of Star Formation?
• Discovery of the Youngest Molecular Outflow associated with an Intermediate-mass protostellar Core, MMS-6/OMC-3
• JWST Observations of Young protoStars (JOYS): Linked accretion and ejection in a Class I protobinary system
• Anatomy of the internal bow shocks in the IRAS 04166+2706 protostellar jet
• A Multi-Epoch SMA Study of the HH 211 Protostellar Jet: Jet Motion and Knot Formation
• JWST Peers into the Class I Protostar TMC1A: Atomic Jet and Spatially Resolved Dissociative Shock Region
• A Unified Model for Bipolar Outflows from Young Stars: Kinematic Signatures of Jets, Winds, and Their Magnetic Interplay with the Ambient Toroids
• An extremely high velocity molecular jet surrounded by an ionized cavity in the protostellar source Serpens SMM1
• Do siblings always form and evolve simultaneously? Testing the coevality of multiple protostellar systems through SEDs
• The Evolution of Protostellar Outflow Cavities, Kinematics, and Angular Distribution of Momentum and Energy in Orion A: Evidence for Dynamical Cores
• The bipolar jet of the symbiotic star R Aquarii: A study of its morphology using the high-resolution HST WFC3/UVIS camera
• Fast molecular jet from L1157-mm
• Rotating Bullets from A Variable Protostar
• IRAS 16253-2429: the First Proto-Brown Dwarf Binary Candidate Identified through Dynamics of Jets
• Characterizing the Youngest Herschel-detected Protostars II. Molecular Outflows from the Millimeter and the Far-infrared
• Sub-arcsecond Kinematic Structure of the Outflow in the Vicinity of the Protostar in L483
• Herschel PACS observations of shocked gas associated with the jets of L1448 and L1157
• Shaping the envelope of the asymptotic giant branch star W43A with a collimated fast jet
• A multi-wavelength observation and investigation of six infrared dark clouds
• Crescent-Shaped Molecular Outflow from the Intermediate-mass Protostar DK Cha Revealed by ALMA
• The ALMA Survey of 70$\mu$m Dark High-mass Clumps in Early Stages (ASHES) III. A Young Molecular Outflow Driven by a Decelerating Jet
• L1448-MM observations by the Herschel Key program, "Dust, Ice, and Gas In Time" (DIGIT)
• Outflows, envelopes, and disks as evolutionary indicators in Lupus YSOs
• Magnetic field structure in the Flattened Envelope and Jet in the young protostellar system HH 211
• Molecular Jet of IRAS 04166+2706
• A study of the wiggle morphology of HH 211 through numerical simulations
• Protostellar Evolution in Serpens Main: Possible Origin of Disk-Size Diversity
• CO multi-line observations of HH 80-81: a two-component molecular outflow associated with the largest protostellar jet in our Galaxy
• ALMA Fragmented Source Catalogue in Orion (FraSCO) I. Outflow interaction within an embedded cluster in OMC-2/FIR3, FIR4, and FIR5
• ALMA view of the L1448-mm protostellar system on disk scales: CH${}_3$OH and H${}^{13}$CN as new disk wind tracers
• Multi-epoch SMA observations of the L1448C(N) protostellar SiO jet
• Submillimeter Array High-angular Resolution Observations of the Monoceros R2 Star Forming Cluster
• FERIA: Flat Envelope Model with Rotation and Infall under Angular Momentum Conservation
• PRODIGE -- envelope to disk with NOEMA. IV. An infalling gas bridge surrounding two Class 0/I systems in L1448N
• ALMA Observations toward the S-shaped Outflow and the Envelope around NGC1333 IRAS 4A2
• Detection of a dense SiO jet in the evolved protostellar phase
• Ejection History of the IRAS 04166+2706 Molecular Jet
• Intermittent maser flare around the high mass young stellar object G353.273+0.641 II: Detection of a radio and molecular jet
• The Envelope Kinematics and a Possible Disk Around the Class 0 Protostar within BHR7
• The SiO outflow from IRAS 17233-3603 at high resolution
• The Distinct Evolutionary Nature of two Class 0 Protostars in Serpens Main SMM4
• ALMA Survey of Orion Planck Galactic Cold Clumps (ALMASOP): Nested Morphological and Kinematic Structures of Outflows Revealed in SiO and CO Emission
• Signs of outflow feedback from a nearby young stellar object on the protostellar envelope around HL Tau
• Disks and Outflows in the Intermediate-mass Star Forming Region NGC 2071 IR
• Collision of molecular outflows in the L1448--C system
• Revealing multiple nested molecular outflows with rotating signatures in HH270mms1-A with ALMA
• A Two-Temperature Model of Magnetized Protostellar Outflows
• Predictions for Observing Protostellar Outflows with ALMA
• Variability of the SiO thermal line emission toward the young L1448-mm outflow
• An Isothermal Outflow in High-mass Star-forming Region G240.31+0.07
• The ALMA Survey of 70 $\mu$m Dark High-mass Clumps in Early Stages (ASHES). XII. Unanchored Forked Stream in the Propagating Path of a Protostellar Outflow
• PRODIGE VI -- Envelope to Disk with NOEMA: VI. The Missing Sulfur Problem
• Bowshocks driven by the pole-on molecular jet of outbursting protostar SVS 13
• CSO CO(2-1) and Spitzer IRAC Observations of a Bipolar Outflow in High-mass Star-forming Region IRAS 22506+5944
• Shock-type inference of L1157 B2 using methanol desorption
• ALMA Survey of Orion Planck Galactic Cold Clumps (ALMASOP): Deriving Inclination Angle and Velocity of the Protostellar Jets from their SiO Knots