Extreme Relativistic Reflection in the Active Galaxy ESO 033-G002

Abstract

We present the first high signal-to-noise broadband X-ray spectrum of the radio-quiet type-2 Seyfert ESO 033-G002, combining data from $XMM$-$Newton$ and $NuSTAR$. The nuclear X-ray spectrum is complex, showing evidence for both neutral and ionised absorption, as well as reflection from both the accretion disc and more distant material, but our broadband coverage allows us to disentangle all of these different components. The total neutral column during this epoch is $N_{\mathrm{H}}\sim 5-6\times 10^{22}$ cm${}^{-2}$, consistent with the optical classification of ESO 033-G002 as a type-2 Seyfert but not so large as to prevent us from robustly determining the properties of the innermost accretion flow. The ionised absorption - dominated by lines from Fe XXV and Fe XXVI - reveals a moderately rapid outflow ($v_{\mathrm{out}}\sim 5400$ km s${}^{-1}$) which has a column comparable to the neutral absorption. We find the disc reflection from the innermost regions to be extreme, with a reflection fraction of $R_{\mathrm{frac}}\sim 5$. This requires strong gravitational lightbending and, in turn, both an extremely compact corona (within $\sim$2 $R_{\mathrm{G}}$ of the black hole) and a rapidly rotating black hole ($a^{\ast }>0.96$). Despite this tight size constraint, with a temperature of $k{T}_{\mathrm{e}}=40-70$ keV the X-ray corona in ESO 033-G002 appears similar to other AGN in terms of its placement in the compactness-temperature plane, consistent with sitting close to the limit determined by runaway pair production. Finally, combining X-ray spectroscopy, timing and updated optical spectroscopy, we also estimate the mass of the black hole to be $\log [M_{\mathrm{BH}}/M_{\odot }]\sim 7.0-7.5$.

arXiv comment15 pages, 8 figures; published in MNRAS

References in corpus (119)

• Coevolution (Or Not) of Supermassive Black Holes and Host Galaxies
• On the Absorption of X-rays in the Interstellar Medium
• Energy input from quasars regulates the growth and activity of black holes and their host galaxies
• Observational Evidence of AGN Feedback
• The European Photon Imaging Camera on XMM-Newton: The MOS Cameras
• The Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) Mission
• Parametric Recovery of Line-of-Sight Velocity Distributions from Absorption-Line Spectra of Galaxies via Penalized Likelihood
• Atomic Data for Astrophysics. II. New Analytic Fits for Photoionization Cross Sections of Atoms and Ions
• HI4PI: A full-sky HI survey based on EBHIS and GASS
• X-shooter, the new wide band intermediate resolution spectrograph at the ESO Very Large Telescope
• An Overview of the Performance and Scientific Results from the Chandra X-Ray Observatory (CXO)
• Broad-band gamma-ray and X-ray spectra of NGC 4151 and their implications for physical processes and geometry
• Improved Reflection Models of Black-Hole Accretion Disks: Treating the Angular Distribution of X-rays
• Active Galactic Nuclei as scaled-up Galactic black holes
• An XMM-Newton survey of broad iron lines in Seyfert galaxies
• The May 1989 outburst of the Soft X-ray Transient GS 2023+338 (V404 Cyg)
• BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey - V. X-ray properties of the Swift/BAT 70-month AGN catalog
• A Hubble Space Telescope Imaging Survey of Nearby Active Glactic Nuclei
• Quasar Feedback: More Bang for Your Buck
• Radio-Loudness of Active Galactic Nuclei: Observational Facts and Theoretical Implications
• A light bending model for the X-ray temporal and spectral properties of accreting black holes
• The X-ray to optical-UV luminosity ratio of X-ray selected Type 1 AGN in XMM-COSMOS
• The 105 month Swift-BAT all-sky hard X-ray survey
• Irradiation of an Accretion Disc by a Jet: General Properties and Implications for Spin Measurements of Black Holes
• Simultaneous X-ray/optical/UV snapshots of active galactic nuclei from XMM-Newton: spectral energy distributions for the reverberation mapped sample
• A Fundamental Relation Between Compact Stellar Nuclei, Supermassive Black Holes, and Their Host Galaxies
• The role of the reflection fraction in constraining black hole spin
• X-ray reflected spectra from accretion disk models. I. Constant density atmospheres
• The Difference between Radio-Loud and Radio-Quiet Active Galaxies
• Cosmological black hole spin evolution by mergers and accretion
• Broad emission lines for negatively spinning black holes
• BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey I: Spectral Measurements, Derived Quantities, and AGN Demographics
• The 3rd IBIS/ISGRI soft gamma-ray survey catalog
• Swift BAT Survey of AGN
• Suzaku observations of 'bare' active galactic nuclei
• A rapidly spinning supermassive black hole at the centre of NGC 1365
• B-Mode contamination by synchrotron emission from 3-years WMAP data
• Calibration of the NuSTAR High Energy Focusing X-ray Telescope
• Black hole feedback in the luminous quasar PDS 456
• The Hard X-ray Spectrum as a Probe for Black-Hole Growth in Radio-Quiet Active Galactic Nuclei
• Understanding X-ray reflection emissivity profiles in AGN: Locating the X-ray source
• A fast and long-lived outflow from the supermassive black hole in NGC 5548
• A global look at X-ray time lags in Seyfert Galaxies
• Iron fluorescence from within the innermost stable orbit of black hole accretion disks
• CAIXA: a catalogue of AGN in the XMM-Newton archive III. Excess Variance Analysis
• The Sizes of the X-ray and Optical Emission Regions of RXJ1131-1231
• A statistical relation between the X-ray spectral index and Eddington ratio of active galactic nuclei in deep surveys
• The Spin of the Supermassive Black Hole in NGC 3783
• Evidence for ultra-fast outflows in radio-quiet AGNs: III - location and energetics
• Normalizing a Relativistic Model of X-ray Reflection: The Definition of the Reflection Fraction and its Implementation in relxill
• Linking the spin evolution of massive black holes to galaxy kinematics
• X-ray Microlensing in RXJ1131-1231 and HE1104-1805
• X-ray continuum variability of MCG-6-30-15
• Relativistic iron K X-ray Reverberation in NGC 4151
• Warm absorbers in X-rays (WAX), a comprehensive high resolution grating spectral study of a sample of Seyfert galaxies: I. A global view and frequency of occurrence of warm absorbers
• Suzaku observations of the hard X-ray variability of MCG-6-30-15: the effects of strong gravity around a Kerr black hole
• Variable partial covering and a relativistic iron line in NGC 1365
• BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey -- XII. The relation between coronal properties of Active Galactic Nuclei and the Eddington ratio
• The NuSTAR spectrum of Mrk 335: Extreme relativistic effects within 2 gravitational radii of the event horizon?
• Alternative explanations for extreme supersolar iron abundances inferred from the energy spectrum of Cygnus X-1
• 1H0707-495 in 2011: An X-ray source within a gravitational radius of the event horizon
• The SDSS/XMM-Newton Quasar Survey: Correlation between X-ray spectral slope and Eddington ratio
• Determination of the X-ray reflection emissivity profile of 1H 0707-495
• High Density Reflection Spectroscopy: II. the Density of the Inner Black Hole Accretion Disc in AGN
• The Swift/BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey (BASS) -- VI. The Gamma_X - L/L_Edd relation
• The Soft State of Cygnus X-1 Observed with NuSTAR: A Variable Corona and a Stable Inner Disk
• Properties of AGN coronae in the NuSTAR era II: hybrid plasma
• Long XMM observation of the Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 galaxy IRAS13224-3809: rapid variability, high spin and a soft lag
• A NuSTAR census of coronal parameters in Seyfert galaxies
• A public relativistic transfer function model for X-ray reverberation mapping of accreting black holes
• The X-shooter Spectral Library (XSL): I. DR1. Near-ultraviolet through optical spectra from the first year of the survey
• X-ray properties of an Unbiased Hard X-ray Detected Sample of AGN
• The 1.5 Ms Observing Campaign on IRAS 13224-3809: X-ray Spectral Analysis I
• Measuring Stellar Velocity Dispersions in Active Galaxies
• NuSTAR and XMM-Newton Observations of NGC 1365: Extreme Absorption Variability and a Constant Inner Accretion Disk
• Highly ionized iron absorption lines from outflowing gas in the X-ray spectrum of NGC 1365
• Simultaneous NuSTAR and XMM-Newton 0.5-80 keV spectroscopy of the Narrow Line Seyfert 1 galaxy SWIFT J2127.4+5654
• A dynamic black hole corona in an active galaxy through X-ray reverberation mapping
• The INTEGRAL high energy cut-off distribution of type 1 AGN
• On the spin paradigm and the radio dichotomy of quasars
• Effects of Kerr Spacetime on Spectral Features from X-Ray Illuminated Accretion Discs
• Chasing obscuration in type-I AGN: discovery of an eclipsing clumpy wind at the outer broad-line region of NGC 3783
• A Monte Carlo Markov Chain based investigation of black hole spin in the active galaxy NGC3783
• A selection effect boosting the contribution from rapidly spinning black holes to the Cosmic X-ray Background
• Constraining the size of the corona with fully relativistic calculations of spectra of extended corona. I - the Monte Carlo radiative transfer code
• The XMM-Newton view of Mrk3 and IXO30
• Exploring The Effects Of Disk Thickness On The Black Hole Reflection Spectrum
• Galactic nuclei evolution with spinning black holes: method and implementation
• A new relativistic component of the accretion disk wind in PDS 456
• Probing the geometry and motion of AGN coronae through accretion disc emissivity profiles
• The hard X-ray spectrum of NGC 5506 as seen by NuSTAR
• A Consistent Picture Emerges: A Compact X-ray Continuum Emission Region in the Gravitationally Lensed Quasar SDSS J0924+0219
• The effects of a comptonizing corona on the appearance of the reflection components in accreting black hole spectra
• Coronal Properties of the Seyfert 1.9 Galaxy MCG -05-23-016 Determined from Hard X-ray Spectroscopy with NuSTAR
• Reflection From the Strong Gravity Regime in a z=0.658 Gravitationally Lensed-Quasar
• Origin of the X-ray disc-reflection steep radial emissivity
• On Estimating the High-Energy Cutoff in the X-ray Spectra of Black Holes via Reflection Spectroscopy
• The Multi-Layer Variable Absorbers in NGC 1365 Revealed by XMM-Newton and NuSTAR
• Measuring the Coronal Properties of IC4329A with NuSTAR
• Discovery of a fast, broad, transient outflow in NGC 985
• Testing the accuracy of reflection-based supermassive black hole spin measurements in AGN
• Coronal properties of Swift/BAT-selected Seyfert 1 AGN observed with NuSTAR
• A Low-Flux State in IRAS 00521-7054 seen with NuSTAR and XMM-Newton: Relativistic Reflection and an Ultrafast Outflow
• A Rapidly Spinning Black Hole Powers the Einstein Cross
• How well can we measure supermassive black hole spin?
• Eclipsing the X-ray emitting region in the active galaxy NGC 6814
• Steep X-ray reflection emissivity profiles in AGN as the result of radially-structured disc ionisation
• Estimating the size of X-ray lamppost coronae in active galactic nuclei
• Testing the performance and accuracy of the RELXILL model for the relativistic X-ray reflection from accretion disks
• A Correlation Between the Ionization State of the Inner Accretion Disk and the Eddington Ratio of Active Galactic Nuclei
• Reflection geometries in absorbed and unabsorbed AGN
• A Full Characterisation of the Supermassive Black Hole in IRAS 09149-6206
• Complex Absorption Hides a Type II QSO in IRAS 13197-1627
• Disentangling the Complex Broadband X-ray Spectrum of IRAS 13197-1627 with NuSTAR, XMM-Newton and Suzaku
• Photoionization Models for High Density Gas
• Coronal temperatures of the AGN ESO 103-035 and IGR 2124.7+5058 from NuSTAR observations
• Investigating the Covering Fraction Distribution of Swift/BAT AGN with X-ray and IR Observations
• Chandra and NuSTAR follow-up observations of Swift-BAT selected AGN
• Joint XMM-Newton and NuSTAR observations of the reflection spectrum of III Zw 2

Cited by in corpus (6)

• Modelling time delays from two reprocessors in active galactic nuclei
• Transient obscuration event captured in NGC 3227 IV. Origin of the obscuring cloud variability
• Relativistic reflection within an extended hot plasma geometry
• Constraining black hole spin in PG 1535+547 amidst complex multi-layered absorption
• Accretion-disk reflection in the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 3783 as viewed by Chandra grating spectroscopy
• Evidence for a moderate spin from X-ray reflection of the high-mass supermassive black hole in the cluster-hosted quasar H1821+643