Cosmology meets functional QCD: First-order cosmic QCD transition induced by large lepton asymmetries

Abstract

The lepton flavour asymmetries of the Universe are observationally almost unconstrained before the onset of neutrino oscillations. We calculate the cosmic trajectory during the cosmic QCD epoch in the presence of large lepton flavour asymmetries. By including QCD thermodynamic quantities derived from functional QCD methods in our calculation our work reveals for the first time the possibility of a first-order cosmic QCD transition. We specify the required values of the lepton flavour asymmetries for which a first-order transition occurs for a number of different benchmark scenarios.

7 pages (including appendix), 3 figures; matches version published in Physical Review Letters

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• Constraining first-order phase transitions with curvature perturbations
• Leptoflavorgenesis: baryon asymmetry of the Universe from lepton flavor violation
• Constraints on new physics around the MeV scale with cosmological observations
• Lepton Flavor Asymmetries: from the early Universe to BBN
• Gravitational waves and tadpole resummation: Efficient and easy convergence of finite temperature QFT
• Strange quark matter as dark matter: 40 years later, a reappraisal
• Chiral symmetry breaking and pion condensation in the early universe
• Primordial Black Holes Formation Beyond the Standard Cosmic QCD Transition
• The effect of charm quark on the QCD chiral phase diagram