The Intrinsic Scatter of Galaxy Scaling Relations

Abstract

We present a compendium of disk galaxy scaling relations and a detailed characterization of their intrinsic scatter. Observed scaling relations are typically characterized by their slope, intercept, and scatter; however, these parameters are a mixture of observational errors and astrophysical processes. We introduce a novel Bayesian framework for computing the intrinsic scatter of scaling relations that accounts for nonlinear error propagation and covariant uncertainties. Bayesian intrinsic scatters are ~25percent more accurate than those obtained with a first-order classical method, which systematically underestimates the true intrinsic scatter. Structural galaxy scaling relations based on velocity (V23.5), size (R23.5), luminosity (L23.5), colour (g-z), central stellar surface density (Sigma1), stellar mass (M*), dynamical mass (Mdyn), stellar angular momentum (j*), and dynamical angular momentum (jdyn), are examined to demonstrate the power and importance of the Bayesian formalism. Our analysis is based on a diverse selection of over 1000 late-type galaxies from the Photometry and Rotation Curve Observations from Extragalactic Surveys compilation with deep optical photometry and extended rotation curves. We determine the tightest relation for each parameter by intrinsic orthogonal scatter, finding M*-V23.5, R23.5-j*, and L23.5-jdyn to be especially tight. The scatter of the R23.5-L23.5, V23.5-(g-z), and R23.5-jdyn relations is mostly intrinsic, making them ideal for galaxy formation and evolutionary studies. Our code to compute the Bayesian intrinsic scatter of any scaling relation is also presented. We quantify the correlated nature of many uncertainties in galaxy scaling relations and scrutinize the uncertain nature of disk inclination corrections and their effect on scatter estimates.

arXiv comment28 pages, 6 figures, 8 tables, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal

References in corpus (112)

• Array Programming with NumPy
• Maps of Dust IR Emission for Use in Estimation of Reddening and CMBR Foregrounds
• Stellar population synthesis at the resolution of 2003
• Binary companions of evolved stars in APOGEE DR14: Search method and catalog of ~5,000 companions
• The Average Star Formation Histories of Galaxies in Dark Matter Halos from z=0-8
• The Formation of Galactic Disks
• Mass and environment as drivers of galaxy evolution in SDSS and zCOSMOS and the origin of the Schechter function
• Overview of the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys
• Overview of the SDSS-IV MaNGA Survey: Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory
• The EAGLE simulations of galaxy formation: calibration of subgrid physics and model variations
• 3D-HST+CANDELS: The Evolution of the Galaxy Size-Mass Distribution since $z=3$
• Some Aspects of Measurement Error in Linear Regression of Astronomical Data
• Constraints on the relationship between stellar mass and halo mass at low and high redshift
• The size distribution of galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• Modeling the Panchromatic Spectral Energy Distributions of Galaxies
• The Baryonic Tully-Fisher Relation
• Linear Regression for Astronomical Data with Measurement Errors and Intrinsic Scatter
• SPARC: Mass Models for 175 Disk Galaxies with Spitzer Photometry and Accurate Rotation Curves
• The Radial Acceleration Relation in Rotationally Supported Galaxies
• Galaxy And Mass Assembly: Stellar Mass Estimates
• Star formation thresholds and galaxy edges: why and where
• Compaction and Quenching of High-z Galaxies in Cosmological Simulations: Blue and Red Nuggets
• The density and peculiar velocity fields of nearby galaxies
• The Baryonic Tully-Fisher Relation of Galaxies with Extended Rotation Curves and the Stellar Mass of Rotating Galaxies
• The Ursa Major Cluster of Galaxies. V ; HI Rotation Curve Shapes and the Tully-Fisher Relations
• The Aquila comparison Project: The Effects of Feedback and Numerical Methods on Simulations of Galaxy Formation
• Optical Rotation Curves and Linewidths for Tully-Fisher Applications
• One Law To Rule Them All: The Radial Acceleration Relation of Galaxies
• Inclination- and dust-corrected galaxy parameters: Bulge-to-disc ratios and size-luminosity relations
• Galaxies in LCDM with Halo Abundance Matching: luminosity-velocity relation, baryonic mass-velocity relation, velocity function and clustering
• A Link Between Star Formation Quenching and Inner Stellar Mass Density in SDSS Central Galaxies
• Global Extinction in Spiral Galaxies
• Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): mass-size relations of z$<$0.1 galaxies subdivided by Sérsic index, colour and morphology
• The AGORA High-Resolution Galaxy Simulations Comparison Project
• Angular momentum and galaxy formation revisited
• The cosmological origin of the Tully-Fisher relation
• A universal structural and star-forming relation since $z\sim 3$: connecting compact star-forming and quiescent galaxies
• Dissipation and Extra Light in Galactic Nuclei: IV. Evolution in the Scaling Relations of Spheroids
• Shark: introducing an open source, free and flexible semi-analytic model of galaxy formation
• Scaling Relations of Spiral Galaxies
• The Dependence of Quenching upon the Inner Structure of Galaxies at 0.5<z< 0.8 in the DEEP2/AEGIS Survey
• The Mass Discrepancy-Acceleration Relation: Disk Mass and the Dark Matter Distribution
• The Millennium Galaxy Catalogue: the B-band attenuation of bulge and disc light and the implied cosmic dust and stellar mass densities
• On the Correlations between Galaxy Properties and Supermassive Black Hole Mass
• The EAGLE simulations of galaxy formation: the importance of the hydrodynamics scheme
• The Hubble Space Telescope Key Project on the Extragalactic Distance Scale XXIV: The Calibration of Tully-Fisher Relations and the Value of the Hubble Constant
• COSMOS-DASH: The Evolution of the Galaxy Size-Mass Relation Since z~3 from new Wide Field WFC3 Imaging Combined with CANDELS/3DHST
• Galaxy Morphology and Star Formation in the Illustris Simulation at z=0
• The Tully-Fisher Relation and Its Residuals for a Broadly Selected Sample of Galaxies
• Modelling the spectral energy distribution of galaxies. V. The dust and PAH emission SEDs of disk galaxies
• Sizes and surface brightness profiles of quiescent galaxies at z ~ 2
• Hierarchical formation of bulgeless galaxies II: Redistribution of angular momentum via galactic fountains
• The Tully-Fisher relation for low surface brightness galaxies - implications for galaxy evolution
• The SAMI Galaxy Survey: the link between angular momentum and optical morphology
• MaGICC Disks: Matching Observed Galaxy Relationships Over a Wide Stellar Mass Range
• Scaling Relations and the Fundamental Line of the Local Group Dwarf Galaxies
• The Kinematic Connection Between Galaxies and Dark Matter Haloes
• Galaxy Zoo: Dust in Spirals
• Fundamental Mass-Spin-Morphology Relation of Spiral Galaxies
• Synthetic Galaxy Images and Spectra from the Illustris Simulation
• The Intrinsic Properties of SDSS Galaxies
• Maximum-Likelihood Comparisons of Tully-Fisher and Redshift Data: Constraints on Omega and Biasing
• Semi-analytic forecasts for JWST -- II. physical properties and scaling relations for galaxies at z = 4-10
• Calibrated Tully-Fisher relations for improved estimates of disk rotation velocities
• The energy output of the Universe from 0.1 micron to 1000 micron
• Quenching as a Contest between Galaxy Halos and their Central Black Holes
• Hyper-Fit: Fitting Linear Models to Multidimensional Data with Multivariate Gaussian Uncertainties
• A physically motivated definition for the size of galaxies in an era of ultra-deep imaging
• Cosmicflows-4: The Catalog of ~10000 Tully-Fisher Distances
• Dark Matter and Stellar Mass in the Luminous Regions of Disk Galaxies
• Galaxies in the Illustris simulation as seen by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey - II: Size-luminosity relations and the deficit of bulge-dominated galaxies in Illustris at low mass
• Seeking the Local Convergence Depth. V. Tully-Fisher Peculiar Velocities for 52 Abell Clusters
• Modelling the spectral energy distribution of galaxies. IV Correcting apparent disk scalelengths and central surface brightnesses for the effect of dust at optical and near-infrared wavelengths
• Comparing Masses in Literature (CoMaLit)-I. Bias and scatter in weak lensing and X-ray mass estimates of clusters
• Inclination-Dependent Luminosity Function of Spiral Galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: Implication for Dust Extinction
• On the baryonic, stellar, and luminous scaling relations of disk galaxies
• On the Evolution of the Velocity-Mass-Size Relations of Disk-Dominated Galaxies over the Past 10 Billion Years
• The angular momentum-mass relation: a fundamental law from dwarf irregulars to massive spirals
• Homogeneous Velocity-Distance Data for Peculiar Velocity Analysis. I. Calibration of Cluster Samples
• An Investigation of Sloan Digital Sky Survey Imaging Data and Multi-Band Scaling Relations of Spiral Galaxies (with Dynamical Information)
• The Multi-Wavelength Tully-Fisher relation with spatially resolved HI kinematics
• Angular Momentum and Galaxy Formation Revisited: Scaling Relations for Disks and Bulges
• Dark Matter Halos of Disk Galaxies: Constraints from the Tully-Fisher Relation
• The ALMaQUEST Survey: III. Scatter in the resolved star forming main sequence is primarily due to variations in star formation efficiency
• The stellar mass-size relation for the most isolated galaxies in the local Universe
• An Artificial Neural Network Approach For Ranking Quenching Parameters In Central Galaxies
• Precision Scaling Relations for Disk Galaxies in the Local Universe
• Inclination-Dependent Extinction Effects in Disk Galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• Shellflow. I. The Convergence of the Velocity Field at 6000 km/s
• The baryonic specific angular momentum of disc galaxies
• Size matters: abundance matching, galaxy sizes, and the Tully-Fisher relation in EAGLE
• A Slippery Slope: Systematic Uncertainties in the Line Width Baryonic Tully-Fisher Relation
• The Impact of Star Formation Histories on Stellar Mass Estimation: Implications from the Local Group Dwarf Galaxies
• The colors and sizes of recently quenched galaxies: a result of compact starburst before quenching
• Spatially resolved mass-to-light from the CALIFA survey. Mass-to-light ratio vs. color relations
• Two Growing Modes and the Morphology-Quiescence Relation in Galaxies
• Extinction in Star-Forming Disk Galaxies from Inclination-Dependent Composite Spectra
• Dust reddening in star-forming galaxies
• The Spectroscopy and H-band Imaging of Virgo cluster galaxies (SHIVir) Survey: Scaling Relations and the Stellar-to-Total Mass Relation
• $R_{\mathrm{e}}$. I. Understanding galaxy sizes, associated luminosity densities, and the artificial division of the early-type galaxy population
• Cosmic CARNage I: on the calibration of galaxy formation models
• Dust-corrected surface photometry of M 31 from the Spitzer far infrared observations
• Disk Galaxy Scaling Relations in the SFI++: Intrinsic Scatter and Applications
• Revisiting the stellar mass -- angular momentum -- morphology relation: extension to higher bulge fraction, and the effect of bulge type
• The Intrinsic Scatter of the Radial Acceleration Relation
• SDSS-IV MaNGA: A Distinct Mass Distribution Explored in Slow-Rotating Early-type Galaxies
• Global Attenuation in Spiral Galaxies in Optical and Infrared Bands
• Global dust attenuation in disc galaxies: strong variation with specific star formation and stellar mass, and the importance of sample selection
• Internal Extinction in the SDSS Late-Type Galaxies
• Revealing strong bias in common measures of galaxy properties using new inclination-independent structures
• The Most Predictive Physical Properties for the Stellar Population Radial Profiles of Nearby Galaxies
• Pix2Prof: fast extraction of sequential information from galaxy imagery via a deep natural language 'captioning' model

Cited by in corpus (21)

• MIGHTEE-HI: The baryonic Tully-Fisher relation over the last billion years
• Realistic galaxy image simulation via score-based generative models
• AutoProf -- I. An automated non-parametric light profile pipeline for modern galaxy surveys
• The edges of galaxies: Tracing the limits of star formation
• MaNGA galaxy properties -- I. An extensive optical, mid-infrared photometric, and environmental catalogue
• The galaxy-halo connection of disc galaxies over six orders of magnitude in stellar mass
• MaNGA galaxy properties -- II. A detailed comparison of observed and simulated spiral galaxy scaling relations
• The diversity of spiral galaxies explained
• The impact of environment on size: Galaxies are 50% smaller in the Fornax Cluster compared to the field
• Linking star formation thresholds and truncations in the thin and thick disks of the low-mass galaxy UGC 7321
• PROBES-I: A Compendium of Deep Rotation Curves and Matched multiband Photometry
• Discovery of a Planar Black Hole Mass Scaling Relation for Spiral Galaxies
• Probing galaxy evolution from $z=0$ to $z\simeq 10$ through galaxy scaling relations in three L-Galaxies flavours
• The Tully-Fisher relation from SDSS-MaNGA: Physical causes of scatter and variation at different radii
• A Generalist, Automated ALFALFA Baryonic Tully-Fisher Relation
• The Spectroscopy and H-band Imaging of Virgo cluster galaxies (SHIVir) Survey: Data Catalogue and Kinematic Profiles
• Extraplanar emission in isolated edge-on late-type galaxies. I. The H$\alpha$ distribution versus to the old and young stellar discs
• Exploring the Angular Momentum -- Atomic Gas Content Connection with EAGLE and IllustrisTNG
• Dust and inclination corrected star-formation and interstellar medium scaling relations in nearby galaxies
• Testing subhalo abundance matching with galaxy kinematics
• xGASS: characterizing the slope and scatter of the stellar mass - angular momentum relation for nearby galaxies