Evidence of high-temperature exciton condensation in 2D atomic double layers

Abstract

A Bose-Einstein condensate is the ground state of a dilute gas of bosons, such as atoms cooled to temperatures close to absolute zero. With much smaller mass, excitons (bound electron-hole pairs) are expected to condense at significantly higher temperatures. Here we study electrically generated interlayer excitons in MoSe2/WSe2 atomic double layers with density up to 10^12 cm-2. The interlayer tunneling current depends only on exciton density, indicative of correlated electron-hole pair tunneling. Strong electroluminescence (EL) arises when a hole tunnels from WSe2 to recombine with electron in MoSe2. We observe a critical threshold dependence of the EL intensity on exciton density, accompanied by a super-Poissonian photon statistics near threshold, and a large EL enhancement peaked narrowly at equal electron-hole densities. The phenomenon persists above 100 K, which is consistent with the predicted critical condensation temperature. Our study provides compelling evidence for interlayer exciton condensation in two-dimensional atomic double layers and opens up exciting opportunities for exploring condensate-based optoelectronics and exciton-mediated high-temperature superconductivity.

References in corpus (7)

• Strong interlayer coupling in van der Waals heterostructures built from single-layer chalcogenides
• High-temperature superfluidity with indirect excitons in van der Waals heterostructures
• Exciton Condensation and Perfect Coulomb Drag
• Valley-spin polarized Landau levels in a monolayer semiconductor
• Models of coherent exciton condensation
• Exciton condensate in bilayer transition metal dichalcogenides: strong coupling regime
• Density imbalance effect on the Coulomb drag upturn in an electron-hole bialyer

Cited by in corpus (186)

• Moiré heterostructures as a condensed matter quantum simulator
• Recent Progress of the Computational 2D Materials Database (C2DB)
• Engineering symmetry breaking in two-dimensional layered materials
• Strongly correlated excitonic insulator in atomic double layers
• Deep moiré potentials in twisted transition metal dichalcogenide bilayers
• Bosonic condensation of exciton-polaritons in an atomically thin crystal
• Spontaneous coherence in spatially extended photonic systems: Non-Equilibrium Bose-Einstein condensation
• Collective Excitations in 2D Materials
• Quantum Metric and Correlated States in Two-dimensional Systems
• Strain control of hybridization between dark and localized excitons in a 2D semiconductor
• Long-range transport of 2D excitons with acoustic waves
• Bilayer WSe${}_2$ as a natural platform for interlayer exciton condensates in the strong coupling limit
• Nanotube-based one-dimensional heterostructures coupled by van der Waals forces
• Moiré-trapped interlayer trions in a charge-tunable WSe${}_2$/MoSe${}_2$ heterobilayer
• Highly Confined In-plane Exciton-Polaritons in Monolayer Semiconductors
• Quadrupolar Excitons and Hybridized Interlayer Mott Insulator in a Trilayer Moiré Superlattice
• Second harmonic generation control in twisted bilayers of transition metal dichalcogenides
• Evidence of high-temperature exciton condensation in a two-dimensional semimetal
• Electrically controlled emission from singlet and triplet exciton species in atomically thin light emitting diodes
• Comparing the generalized Kadanoff-Baym ansatz with the full Kadanoff-Baym equations for an excitonic insulator out of equilibrium
• Quantum-metric-enabled exciton condensate in double twisted bilayer graphene
• Electrically Controlled Two-Dimensional Electron-Hole Fluids
• Unconventional Excitonic States with Phonon Sidebands in Layered Silicon Diphosphide
• A Two-Dimensional Metal-Organic Framework on Superconducting NbSe${}_2$
• Localization and interaction of interlayer excitons in MoSe${}_2$/WSe${}_2$ heterobilayers
• Excitonic Condensate in Flat Valence and Conduction Bands of Opposite Chirality
• Optical dipole orientation of interlayer excitons in MoSe${}_2$-WSe${}_2$ heterostacks
• Evidence for Exciton Crystals in a 2D Semiconductor Heterotrilayer
• Thickness mapping and layer number identification of exfoliated van der Waals materials by Fourier imaging micro-ellipsometry
• Competition of Density Waves and Superconductivity in Twisted Tungsten Diselenide
• How does geometry affect quantum gases?
• Photo-induced phase transition and associated time scales in the excitonic insulator Ta${}_2$NiSe${}_5$
• Magnon-mediated exciton-exciton interaction in a van der Waals antiferromagnet
• Tailoring the dielectric screening in WS${}_2$-graphene heterostructures
• Large Exciton Binding Energy in the Bulk van der Waals Magnet CrSBr
• Deterministic transfer of optical-quality carbon nanotubes for atomically defined technology
• Second order Josephson effect in excitonic insulators
• Key role of the moire potential for the quasi-condensation of interlayer excitons in van der Waals heterostructures
• Microscopic origin of anomalous interlayer exciton transport in van der Waals heterostructures
• Spatially indirect intervalley excitons in bilayer WSe2
• A room-temperature moiré interlayer exciton laser
• Highly Tunable Ground and Excited State Excitonic Dipoles in Multilayer 2H-MoSe${}_2$
• Charge transfer dynamics in MoSe${}_2$/hBN/WSe${}_2$ heterostructures
• Exciton-Driven Renormalization of Quasiparticle Band Structure in Monolayer MoS2
• Extended spatial coherence of interlayer excitons in MoSe${}_2$/WSe${}_2$ heterobilayers
• Strongly-bound excitons and trions in anisotropic 2D semiconductors
• Nonlinear spectroscopy of collective modes in excitonic insulator
• Tunable Feshbach resonances and their spectral signatures in bilayer semiconductors
• Unveiling the underlying interactions in Ta2NiSe5 from photo-induced lifetime change
• Observation of possible excitonic charge density waves and metal-insulator transitions in atomically thin semimetals
• Charge Density Wave and Ferromagnetism in Intercalated CrSBr
• Exciton-phonon-scattering: A competition between bosonic and fermionic nature of bound electron-hole pairs
• Probing correlations in the exciton landscape of a moiré heterostructure
• Optical signature of cascade transitions between moiré interlayer excitons
• Theory of topological exciton insulators and condensates in flat Chern bands
• Realizing Topological Superconductivity in Tunable Bose-Fermi Mixtures with Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Heterostructures
• Leaky exciton condensates in transition metal dichalcogenide moiré bilayers
• Geometric Stiffness in Interlayer Exciton Condensates
• Quantum anomalous Hall effect and electric-field-induced topological phase transition in AB-stacked MoTe${}_2$/WSe${}_2$ moiré heterobilayers
• Direct STM Measurements of R- and H-type Twisted MoSe2/WSe2 Heterostructures
• Evidence for an Excitonic Insulator State in Ta${}_2$Pd${}_3$Te${}_5$
• Growth and applications of two-dimensional single crystals
• Critical point for Bose-Einstein condensation of excitons in graphite
• Luminescence anomaly of dipolar valley excitons in homobilayer semiconductor moiré superlattices
• Unidirectional Kondo scattering in layered NbS2
• Bose-Einstein condensate-mediated superconductivity in graphene
• Collective interlayer pairing and pair superfluidity in vertically stacked layers of dipolar excitons
• Electrically tunable dipolar interactions between layer-hybridized excitons
• Quantum Geometric Exciton Drift Velocity
• A gate-tunable quantum phase transition in a topological excitonic insulator
• Ultrafast charge carrier and exciton dynamics in an excitonic insulator probed by time-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
• Dynamical exciton condensates in biased electron-hole bilayers
• Keldysh field theory of dynamical exciton condensation transitions in nonequilibrium electron-hole bilayers
• Tunable properties of excitons in double monolayer semiconductor heterostructures
• Nanomechanical spectroscopy of 2D materials
• Transition from band insulator to excitonic insulator via alloying Se into Monolayer TiS${}_3$: A Computational Study
• Large Cumulant Eigenvalue as a Signature of Exciton Condensation
• Evidence for a Superfluid-to-solid Transition of Bilayer Excitons
• Magnon Bose-Einstein condensates: from time crystals and quantum chromodynamics to vortex sensing and cosmology
• Quadrupolar Excitons in MoSe${}_2$ Bilayers
• Josephson-like tunnel resonance and large Coulomb drag in GaAs-based electron-hole bilayers
• Controlled Interlayer Exciton Ionization in an Electrostatic Trap in Atomically Thin Heterostructures
• Beginnings of Exciton Condensation in Coronene Analog of Graphene Double Layer
• Signature of spin-resolved quantum point contact in p-type trilayer WSe${}_2$ van der Waals heterostructure
• Interplay of valley polarized dark trion and dark exciton-polaron in monolayer WSe2
• Analytical theory of enhanced Bose-Einstein condensation in thin films
• Exciton solid in bilayer two dimensional electron-hole systems
• Excitonic Instability in Ta2Pd3Te5 Monolayer
• Electrical Breakdown of Excitonic Insulator
• Twisting enabled charge transfer excitons in epitaxially fused quantum dot molecules
• Plasmonic photonic crystal mirror for long-lived interlayer exciton generation
• Optical signatures of interlayer electron coherence in a bilayer semiconductor
• Intercavity polariton slows down dynamics in strongly coupled cavities
• Moiré exciton condensate: nonlinear Dirac point, broken-symmetry Bloch waves and unusual optical selection rules
• Engineering the strain and interlayer excitons of 2D materials via lithographically engraved hexagonal boron nitride
• Phonon screening of excitons in atomically thin semiconductors
• Eliashberg theory for dynamical screening in bilayer exciton condensation
• Entangled phase of simultaneous fermion and exciton condensations realized
• Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transition with Rabi-coupled bosons
• Quadriexcitons and excitonic condensate in a symmetric electron-hole bilayer with valley degeneracy
• Electrical Control of Two-Dimensional Electron-Hole Fluids in the Quantum Hall Regime
• Perturbation of charge density waves in 1T-TiSe${}_2$
• Strong-coupling theory of condensate-mediated superconductivity in 2D materials
• Fluctuation-dominated quantum oscillations in excitonic insulators
• Anomalous Josephson effect of s-wave pairing states in chiral double layers
• Exciton and light induced ferromagnetism from doping a moiré Mott insulator
• Josephson effect as signature of electron-hole superfluidity in bilayers of van der Waals heterostructures
• Collective modes and Raman response in Ta${}_2$NiSe${}_5$
• Excitonic phases in a spatially separated electron-hole ladder model
• Pressure-tuned many-body phases through $\Gamma$-K valleytronics in moiré bilayer WSe${}_2$
• Deformable Molecular Crystal on 2D Crystal: A New Way to Build Nanoscale Periodic Trapping Sites for Interlayer Excitons
• Excitonic Tonks-Girardeau and charge-density wave phases in monolayer semiconductors
• Simultaneous fermion and exciton condensations from a model Hamiltonian
• Trapping Interlayer Excitons in van der Waals Heterostructures by Potential Arrays
• Two dimensional semiconductors: optical and electronic properties
• Ten-valley excitonic complexes in charge-tunable monolayer WSe${}_2$
• Moiré lattice-induced formation and tuning of hybrid dipolar excitons in twisted WS${}_2$/MoSe${}_2$ heterobilayers
• Probing the formation of dark interlayer excitons via ultrafast photocurrent
• Searching for Unconventional Superfluid in Excitons of Monolayer Semiconductors
• Metal-insulator transitions in bilayer electron-hole systems in transition metal dicalcogenides
• Topological nature of the Kondo insulator SmB${}_6$ and its sensitiveness to Sm vacancy
• Transition to an excitonic insulator from a two-dimensional conventional insulator
• Effects of intra-layer correlations on electron-hole double-layer superfluidity
• First-principles design of excitonic insulators: A review
• The Role of Spin-Flip Collisions in a Dark Exciton Condensate
• Excitonic Metal and Non-Fermi Liquid Behaviour in Twisted Double Bilayer Graphene near Charge Neutrality
• Quantum Oscillation in Excitonic Insulating Electron-Hole Bilayer
• Tightly-bound and room-temperature-stable excitons in van der Waals degenerate-semiconductor Bi4O4SeCl2 with high charge-carrier density
• Characterization of helical states in semiconductor quantum wells using quantum information quantities
• Probing holographic flat bands at finite density
• PARPHOM: PARallel PHOnon calculator for Moiré systems
• Quantum gases on a torus
• Stability of chiral magnon condensates in collinear antiferromagnetic insulators
• Spatial filtering of interlayer exciton ground state in WSe2/MoS2 heterobilayer
• 0D-2D Heterostructure for making very Large Quantum Registers using itinerant Bose-Einstein Condensate of Excitons
• Stationary waves in a superfluid gas of electron-hole pairs in bilayers
• Moiré-localized interlayer exciton wavefunctions captured by imaging its electron and hole constituents
• Realization of graphene logics in an exciton-enhanced insulating phase
• Capacitance and conductance oscillations from electron tunneling into high energy levels of a quantum well in a p-i-n diode
• Tunable electronic energy level alignment and exciton diversity in organic-inorganic van der Waals heterostructures
• A New Era of Quantum Materials Mastery and Quantum Simulators In and Out of Equilibrium
• Edge modes in chiral electron double layers
• Fermionic vs. bosonic thermalization in the phonon-driven exciton dynamics: An analytic dimensionality study
• Accelerating analysis of Boltzmann equations using Gaussian mixture models: Application to quantum Bose-Fermi mixtures
• Exciton Mott Transition in Two-Dimensional Semiconductors
• Interface engineering of van der Waals heterostructures towards energy-efficient quantum devices operating at high temperatures
• $\mathcal{N}=4$ chiral superconductivity in moiré transition metal dichalcogenides
• Energetic comparison of exciton gas versus electron-hole plasma in a bilayer two-dimensional electron-hole system
• Detecting photoelectrons from spontaneously formed excitons
• Trion Engineered Multimodal Transistors in Two dimensional Bilayer Semiconductor Lateral Heterostructures
• Exciton Condensation in Landau Levels of Quantum Spin Hall Insulators
• Tuning transport in solid-state Bose-Fermi mixtures by Feshbach resonances
• Exciton Superfluidity in 2D Heterostructures from First Principles: The importance of material specific screening
• Spatially mixed moiré excitons in two-dimensional van der Waals superlattices
• Striped excitonic (super)solid in anisotropic semiconductors with screened exciton interactions
• Electrically tunable MoSe${}_2$/WSe${}_2$ heterostructure-based quantum dot
• Dynamic generation of spin spirals of moiré trapped carriers via exciton mediated spin interactions
• Gate tuning of coupled electronic and structural phase transition in atomically thin Ta${}_2$NiSe${}_5$
• Engineering the Radiative Dynamics of Thermalized Excitons with Metal Interfaces
• Unconventional excitonic insulators in two-dimensional topological materials
• Non-Fermi Liquids from Subsystem Symmetry Breaking in van der Waals Multilayers
• Longitudinal Josephson effect in systems with pairing of spatially separated electrons and holes
• 2D bilayer electron-hole superfluidity with unequal and anisotropic masses
• Long-lived populations of momentum- and spin-indirect excitons in monolayer WSe${}_2$
• Electromagnetic response in dipole superfluids: vortex lattices and singular domain walls
• Giant Hyperfine Interaction between a Dark Exciton Condensate and Nuclei
• Topological hybrid electron-hole Cooper pairing
• Photo-physics and electronic structure of lateral graphene/MoS2 and metal/MoS2 junctions
• Magnetic and nematic order of Bose-Fermi mixtures in moiré superlattices of 2D semiconductors
• Experimental realisation of Dual Periodicity Moiré Superlattice in a MoSe${}_2$/WSe${}_2$ Heterobilayer
• Collective excitations and quantum incompressibility in electron-hole bilayers
• High-temperature observation of intralayer, interlayer, and Rydberg excitons in bulk van der Waals alloy single crystals
• Two-dimensional Ga${}_2$O${}_3$ glass: a large scale passivation and protection material for monolayer WS${}_2$
• Engineering excitonic metal-insulator transitions in ultra-thin doped copper sulfides
• Holographic model of exciton condensation in double monolayer Dirac semimetal
• Ab initio Approach to Collective Excitations in Excitonic Insulators
• Anomalous drag in electron-hole condensates with granulated order
• Designer quantum matter in van der Waals heterostructures
• Valley-controlled many-body exciton interactions in monolayer WSe${}_2$ phototransistors
• Probing the collective excitations of excitonic insulators in an optical cavity
• Quantum Dot in a Hybrid Structure with Dipolar Excitons
• Unconventional superconductivity mediated by exciton density wave fluctuations
• Twist-Tuned Magnonic Nanocavity Mode in a Trilayer Moiré Superlattice
• Brightening interlayer excitons by electric-field-driven hole transfer in bilayer WSe2
• Emergence of a condensate with finite-energy Cooper pairing in hybrid exciton/superconductor systems
• Direct determination of 2D Momentum Space from 2D Spatial Coherence of Light using a Modified Michelson Interferometer