The evolution of the solar wind

Abstract

How has the solar wind evolved to reach what it is today? In this review, I discuss the long-term evolution of the solar wind, including the evolution of observed properties that are intimately linked to the solar wind: rotation, magnetism and activity. Given that we cannot access data from the solar wind 4 billion years ago, this review relies on stellar data, in an effort to better place the Sun and the solar wind in a stellar context. I overview some clever detection methods of winds of solar-like stars, and derive from these an observed evolutionary sequence of solar wind mass-loss rates. I then link these observational properties (including, rotation, magnetism and activity) with stellar wind models. I conclude this review then by discussing implications of the evolution of the solar wind on the evolving Earth and other solar system planets. I argue that studying exoplanetary systems could open up new avenues for progress to be made in our understanding of the evolution of the solar wind.

Living Reviews in Solar Physics, in press, 26 figures, 88 pages (invited review article)

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Cited by in corpus (45)

• Magnetism, rotation, and nonthermal emission in cool stars -- Average magnetic field measurements in 292 M dwarfs
• New Observational Constraints on the Winds of M Dwarf Stars
• Powering Stellar Magnetism: Energy Transfers in Cyclic Dynamos of Sun-like Stars
• Coherent radio bursts from known M-dwarf planet host YZ Ceti
• Long-term modulation of solar cycles
• APO & SMARTS flare star campaign observations I. Blue wing asymmetries in chromospheric lines during mid M dwarf flares from simultaneous spectroscopic and photometric observation data
• One Year in the Life of Young Suns: Data Constrained Corona-Wind Model of kappa1 Ceti
• The space weather around the exoplanet GJ 436 b. II. Stellar wind-exoplanet interactions
• On the origin of the non-detection of metastable HeI in the upper atmosphere of the hot Jupiter WASP-80b
• Universal Scaling Laws for Solar and Stellar Atmospheric Heating: Catalog of Power-law Index between Solar Activity Proxies and Various Spectral Irradiances
• Radio masers on WX UMa: hints of a Neptune-sized planet, or magnetospheric reconnection?
• The Earth-like Galactic cosmic ray intensity in the habitable zone of the M dwarf GJ 436
• The winds of young Solar-type stars in the Pleiades, AB Doradus, Columba and $\beta$ Pictoris
• The Exosphere as a Boundary: Origin and Evolution of Airless Bodies in the Inner Solar System and Beyond Including Planets with Silicate Atmospheres
• Numerical quantification of the wind properties of cool main sequence stars
• Eta-Earth Revisited II: Deriving a Maximum Number of Earth-like Habitats in the Galactic Disk
• Large closed-field corona of WX UMa evidenced from radio observations
• X-ray detection of astrospheres around three main-sequence stars and their mass-loss rates
• Role of Longitudinal Waves in Alfvén-wave-driven Solar Wind
• Impact of Changing Stellar and Planetary Magnetic Fields on (Exo)planetary Environments and Atmospheric Mass Loss
• Impact of anti-solar differential rotation in mean-field solar-type dynamos -- Exploring possible magnetic cycles in slowly rotating stars
• Transition of latitudinal differential rotation as a possible cause of weakened magnetic braking of solar-type stars
• A theoretic analysis of magnetoactive GES-based turbulent solar plasma instability
• Charting nearby stellar systems: The intensity of Galactic cosmic rays for a sample of solar-type stars
• Star-Planet Interactions: A Computational View
• Short-term variations of surface magnetism and prominences of the young Sun-like star V530 Per
• Exoplanet Radio Transits as a Probe for Exoplanetary Magnetic Fields -- Time-dependent MHD Simulations
• Galactic cosmic ray propagation through M dwarf planetary systems
• Do Young Suns Produce Frequent, Massive CMEs? Results from Five-year Dedicated Optical Observations of EK Draconis and V889 Hercules
• Rotational evolution of young-to-old stars with data-driven three-dimensional wind models
• Destination exoplanet: Habitability conditions influenced bystellar winds properties
• Helium escape signatures are generally strongest during younger ages but this age dependence is lost in the diversity of observed exoplanets
• The stellar activity-rotation-age relationship under the lens of asteroseismology
• Stellar wind impact on early atmospheres around unmagnetized Earth-like planets
• Non-planar magnetoactive GES-based solar plasma stability
• Measurement of stellar and substellar winds using white dwarf hosts
• The effect of turbulence on the angular momentum of the solar wind
• Planetary magnetosphere evolution around post-main-sequence stars
• Takeout and Delivery: Erasing the Dusty Signature of Late-stage Terrestrial Planet Formation
• New possible way to determine stellar wind terminal velocity from analysis of Lyman-$\alpha$ absorption spectra
• NIRwave: A wave-turbulence-driven solar wind model constrained by PSP observations
• Testing the Alfvén-wave model of the solar wind with interplanetary scintillation
• Atmospheric mass loss and stellar wind effects in young and old systems I: comparative 3D study of TOI-942 and TOI-421 systems
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• The winds of young Solar-type stars in Coma Berenices and Hercules-Lyra