On the origin of the non-detection of metastable HeI in the upper atmosphere of the hot Jupiter WASP-80b

Abstract

We aim to narrow down the origin of the non-detection of the metastable HeI triplet at about 10830 A obtained for the hot Jupiter WASP-80b. We measure the X-ray flux of WASP-80 from archival observations and use it as input to scaling relations accounting for the coronal [Fe/O] abundance ratio to infer the extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) flux in the 200-504 A range, which controls the formation of metastable HeI. We run three dimensional (magneto) hydrodynamic simulations of the expanding planetary upper atmosphere interacting with the stellar wind to study the impact on the HeI absorption of the stellar high-energy emission, the He/H abundance ratio, the stellar wind, and the possible presence of a planetary magnetic field up to 1 G. For a low stellar EUV emission, which is favoured by the measured logR'HK value, the HeI non-detection can be explained by a solar He/H abundance ratio in combination with a strong stellar wind, or by a sub-solar He/H abundance ratio, or by a combination of the two. For a high stellar EUV emission, the non-detection implies a sub-solar He/H abundance ratio. A planetary magnetic field is unlikely to be the cause of the non-detection. The low EUV stellar flux, driven by the low [Fe/O] coronal abundance, is the likely primary cause of the HeI non-detection. High-quality EUV spectra of nearby stars are urgently needed to improve the accuracy of high-energy emission estimates, which would then enable one to employ the observations to constrain the planetary He/H abundance ratio and the stellar wind strength. This would greatly enhance the information that can be extracted from HeI atmospheric characterisation observations.

arXiv commentAccepted for publication on A&A, 20 pages

References in corpus (96)

• Intrinsic Colors, Temperatures, and Bolometric Corrections of Pre-Main Sequence Stars
• Seven temperate terrestrial planets around the nearby ultracool dwarf star TRAPPIST-1
• Improved Age Estimation for Solar-Type Dwarfs Using Activity-Rotation Diagnostics
• A new generation of PARSEC-COLIBRI stellar isochrones including the TP-AGB phase
• Theoretical Transmission Spectra During Extrasolar Giant Planet Transits
• The evaporation valley in the Kepler planets
• Constraining the Age-Activity Relation for Cool Stars: The SDSS DR5 Low-Mass Star Spectroscopic Sample
• The Role of Core Mass in Controlling Evaporation: the Kepler Radius Distribution and the Kepler-36 Density Dichotomy
• HAT-P-11b: A Super-Neptune Planet Transiting a Bright K Star in the Kepler Field
• Helium in the eroding atmosphere of an exoplanet
• Atomic data for astrophysics. I. Radiative recombination rates for H-like, He-like, Li-like and Na-like ions over a broad range of temperature
• Fundamental Parameters and Spectral Energy Distributions of Young and Field Age Objects with Masses Spanning the Stellar to Planetary Regime
• Planetary population synthesis coupled with atmospheric escape: a statistical view of evaporation
• The GAPS Programme with HARPS-N@TNG XIV. Investigating giant planet migration history via improved eccentricity and mass determination for 231 transiting planets
• The nature of the TRAPPIST-1 exoplanets
• Nightside condensation of iron in an ultra-hot giant exoplanet
• Young L Dwarfs Identified in the Field: A Preliminary Low-Gravity, Optical Spectral Sequence from L0 to L5
• Compositional imprints in density-distance-time: a rocky composition for close-in low-mass exoplanets from the location of the valley of evaporation
• Ground-based detection of an extended helium atmosphere in the Saturn-mass exoplanet WASP-69b
• Spectrally resolved helium absorption from the extended atmosphere of a warm Neptune-mass exoplanet
• A New Window into Escaping Exoplanet Atmospheres: 10830 Å Line of Helium
• HAT-P-32b and HAT-P-33b: Two Highly Inflated Hot Jupiters Transiting High-Jitter Stars
• An evaporating planet in the wind: stellar wind interactions with the radiatively braked exosphere of GJ436 b
• Detection of He I $\lambda 10830$ Å absorption on HD 189733 b with CARMENES high-resolution transmission spectroscopy
• Orbital misalignment of the Neptune-mass exoplanet GJ 436b with the spin of its cool star
• The GJ1214 Super-Earth System: Stellar Variability, New Transits, and a Search for Additional Planets
• A hot Uranus transiting the nearby M dwarf GJ3470. Detected with HARPS velocimetry. Captured in transit with TRAPPIST photometry
• A global analysis of Spitzer and new HARPS data confirms the loneliness and metal-richness of GJ 436 b
• High-resolution confirmation of an extended helium atmosphere around WASP-107b
• Age consistency between exoplanet hosts and field stars
• WASP-52b, WASP-58b, WASP-59b, and WASP-60b: four new transiting close-in giant planets
• 55 Cancri: Stellar Astrophysical Parameters, a Planet in the Habitable Zone, and Implications for the Radius of a Transiting Super-Earth
• The evolution of the solar wind
• Revising the ages of planet-hosting stars
• WASP-80b has a dayside within the T-dwarf range
• The discoveries of WASP-91b, WASP-105b and WASP-107b: two warm Jupiters and a planet in the transition region between ice giants and gas giants
• Computing Intrinsic Lyman-alpha Fluxes of F5 V to M5 V Stars
• Atmosphere Expansion and Mass Loss of Close-Orbit Giant Exoplanets heated by Stellar XUV. II. Effects of Planetary Magnetic Field, Structuring of inner Magnetosphere
• Helium Absorption at 1083 nm from Extended Exoplanet Atmospheres: Dependence on Stellar Radiation
• ESPRESSO high resolution transmission spectroscopy of WASP-76b
• He I $\lambda$ 10830 Å in the transmission spectrum of HD 209458 b
• TESS Hunt for Young and Maturing Exoplanets (THYME) III: a two-planet system in the 400 Myr Ursa Major Group
• WASP-107b's density is even lower: a case study for the physics of planetary gas envelope accretion and orbital migration
• Detection of Helium in the Atmosphere of the Exo-Neptune HAT-P-11b
• Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations of Hot Jupiter Upper Atmospheres
• Atmosphere expansion and mass loss of close-orbit giant exoplanets heated by stellar XUV: I. Modeling of hydrodynamic escape of upper atmospheric material
• HAT-P-11: Discovery of a Second Planet and a Clue to Understanding Exoplanet Obliquities
• Confirmation of WASP-107b's extended Helium atmosphere with Keck II/NIRSPEC
• A He I upper atmosphere around the warm Neptune GJ 3470b
• Evidence for He I 10830 Å~ absorption during the transit of a warm Neptune around the M-dwarf GJ 3470 with the Habitable-zone Planet Finder
• The Upper Edge of the Neptune Desert Is Stable Against Photoevaporation
• Morphology of Hydrodynamic Winds: A Study of Planetary Winds in Stellar Environments
• From dense hot Jupiter to low-density Neptune: The discovery of WASP-127b, WASP-136b and WASP-138b
• The Transiting System GJ1214: High-Precision Defocused Transit Observations and a Search for Evidence of Transit Timing Variation
• SDSS J111010.01+011613.1: A New Planetary-Mass T Dwarf Member of the AB Doradus Moving Group
• The GAPS programme at TNG XXII. The GIARPS view of the extended helium atmosphere of HD189733 b accounting for stellar activity
• Detection of Atmospheric Escape from Four Young Mini Neptunes
• Rapid contraction of giant planets orbiting the 20 million-years old star V1298 Tau
• p-winds: an open-source Python code to model planetary outflows and upper atmospheres
• Stellar wind effects on the atmospheres of close-in giants: a possible reduction in escape instead of increased erosion
• Detection of Ongoing Mass Loss from HD 63433c, a Young Mini Neptune
• Bright Opportunities for Atmospheric Characterization of Small Planets: Masses and Radii of K2-3 b, c, d and GJ3470 b from Radial Velocity Measurements and Spitzer Transits
• The GAPS Programme with HARPS-N at TNG XIX. Atmospheric Rossiter-McLaughlin effect and improved parameters of KELT-9b
• Non-detection of Helium in the Upper Atmospheres of Three Sub-Neptune Exoplanets
• Search for a habitable terrestrial planet transiting the nearby red dwarf GJ 1214
• H$\alpha$ and He I absorption in HAT-P-32 b observed with CARMENES -- Detection of Roche lobe overflow and mass loss
• Two regimes of interaction of a Hot Jupiter's escaping atmosphere with the stellar wind and generation of energized atomic hydrogen corona
• High-energy irradiation and mass loss rates of hot Jupiters in the solar neighborhood
• Stellar Wind Confinement of Evaporating Exoplanet Atmospheres and its Signatures in 1083 nm Observations
• No escaping helium from 55 Cnc e
• Lyα Absorption at Transits of HD 209458b: A Comparative Study of Various Mechanisms Under Different Conditions
• The young HD 73583 (TOI-560) planetary system: Two 10-M${}_{\oplus }$ mini-Neptunes transiting a 500-Myr-old, bright, and active K dwarf
• Masses and radii for the three super-Earths orbiting GJ 9827, and implications for the composition of small exoplanets
• Characterization of the atmosphere of the hot Jupiter HAT-P-32Ab and the M-dwarf companion HAT-P-32B
• Keck/NIRSPEC studies of He I in the atmospheres of two inflated hot gas giants orbiting K dwarfs: WASP-52b and WASP-177b
• The GAPS Programme with HARPS-N at TNG. XXXVII. A precise density measurement of the young ultra-short period planet TOI-1807 b
• Ca II H&K stellar activity parameter: a proxy for stellar Extreme Ultraviolet Fluxes
• Uncovering the true periods of the young sub-Neptunes orbiting TOI-2076
• The Effects of Magnetic Fields on Observational Signatures of Atmospheric Escape in Exoplanets: Double Tail Structures
• The FIP and Inverse FIP Effects in Solar Flares
• Effects of Radiation Pressure on the Evaporative Wind of HD 209458b
• Fundamental Properties of Co-Moving Stars observed by $Gaia$
• The GAPS Programme at TNG. XXXII. The revealing non-detection of metastable HeI in the atmosphere of the hot Jupiter WASP-80b
• Young planets under extreme UV irradiation. I. Upper atmosphere modelling of the young exoplanet K2-33b
• Search for helium in the upper atmosphere of the hot Jupiter WASP-127 b using Gemini/Phoenix
• Helium absorption in exoplanet atmospheres is connected to stellar coronal abundances
• Global 3D simulation of the upper atmosphere of HD189733b and absorption in metastable HeI and Lyα lines
• A multi-wavelength look at the GJ 9827 system -- No evidence of extended atmospheres in GJ 9827 b and d from HST and CARMENES data
• Hydrodynamical interaction of stellar and planetary winds: effects of charge exchange and radiation pressure on the observed Ly$\alpha$ absorption
• New constraints on the future evaporation of the young exoplanets in the V1298 Tau system
• Simulation of 10830 Å absorption with a 3D hydrodynamic model reveals the solar He abundance in upper atmosphere of WASP-107b
• Directly Determined Properties of HD 97658 from Interferometric Observations
• Three Hot-Jupiters on the upper edge of the mass-radius distribution: WASP-177, WASP-181 and WASP-183
• Planet(esimal)s Around Stars with TESS (PAST) III: A Search for Triplet He I in the Atmospheres of Two 200 Myr-old Planets
• NGTS-5b: a highly inflated planet offering insights into the sub-Jovian desert
• Hot Super-Earths with Hydrogen Atmospheres: A Model Explaining Their Paradoxical Existence

Cited by in corpus (11)

• Escaping Helium and a Highly Muted Spectrum Suggest a Metal-Enriched Atmosphere on Sub-Neptune GJ3090b from JWST Transit Spectroscopy
• Connection between planetary He I $\lambda$10830 Å absorption and extreme-ultraviolet emission of planet-host stars
• Probing atmospheric escape through metastable He I triplet lines in 15 exoplanets observed with SPIRou
• Helium in Exoplanet Exospheres: Orbital and Stellar Influences
• Star-Planet Interactions: A Computational View
• A Population Analysis of 20 Exoplanets Observed from the Optical to the Near-infrared Wavelengths with HST: Evidence for Widespread Stellar Contamination
• The GAPS programme at TNG LXVI. A homogeneous search for Na i and its possible variability in ten gas giant exoplanets
• sunset: A database of synthetic atmospheric-escape transmission spectra for nearly every transiting planet
• Kinetic and photochemical disequilibrium in the potentially carbon-rich atmosphere of the warm-Jupiter WASP-69b
• Modelling helium in exoplanet atmospheres. A revised network with photoelectron-driven processes
• A Search for helium in the atmospheres of three sub-Neptunes and a super-Earth around M-dwarfs