Universal Scaling Laws for Solar and Stellar Atmospheric Heating: Catalog of Power-law Index between Solar Activity Proxies and Various Spectral Irradiances

Abstract

The formation of extremely hot outer atmospheres is one of the most prominent manifestations of magnetic activity common to the late-type dwarf stars, including the Sun. It is widely believed that these atmospheric layers, the corona, transition region, and chromosphere, are heated by the dissipation of energy transported upwards from the stellar surface by the magnetic field. This is signified by the spectral line fluxes at various wavelengths, scaled with power-law relationships against the surface magnetic flux over a wide range of formation temperatures, which are universal to the Sun and Sun-like stars of different ages and activity levels. This study describes a catalog of power-law indices between solar activity proxies and various spectral line fluxes. Compared to previous studies, we expanded the number of proxies, which now includes the total magnetic flux, total sunspot number, total sunspot area, and the F10.7 cm radio flux, and further enhances the number of spectral lines by a factor of two. This provides the data to study in detail the flux-flux scaling laws from the regions specified by the temperatures of the corona (log(T/K)=6-7) to those of the chromosphere (log(T/K)~4), as well as the reconstruction of various spectral line fluxes of the Sun in the past, F-, G-, and K-type dwarfs, and the modeled stars.

26 pages, 9 figures, 6 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ Supplement Series

References in corpus (26)

• Stellar magnetism: empirical trends with age and rotation
• CHIANTI -- an atomic database for emission lines -- Paper XVI: Version 10, further extensions
• The Kepler Catalog of Stellar Flares
• Flare-productive active regions
• Generalized investigation of the rotation-activity relation: Favouring rotation period instead of Rossby number
• Magnetic Properties of Solar Active Regions that Govern Large Solar Flares and Eruptions
• Fluxes in Hαand Ca II H and K for a sample of Southern stars
• Magnetism, rotation, and nonthermal emission in cool stars -- Average magnetic field measurements in 292 M dwarfs
• Do Kepler superflare stars really include slowly-rotating Sun-like stars ? - Results using APO 3.5m telescope spectroscopic observations and Gaia-DR2 data -
• Probable detection of an eruptive filament from a superflare on a solar-type star
• XUV-driven mass loss from extrasolar giant planets orbiting active stars
• Indications of stellar coronal mass ejections through coronal dimmings
• Sun-as-a-Star Spectrum Variations 1974-2006
• The evolution of the solar wind
• The MUSCLES Treasury Survey IV: Scaling Relations for Ultraviolet, Ca II K, and Energetic Particle Fluxes from M Dwarfs
• Soft X-ray Pulsations in Solar Flares
• Relation between photospheric magnetic field and chromospheric emission
• First Detection of Thermal Radio Emission from Solar-Type Stars with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array
• Discovery of a Long-Duration Superflare on a Young Solar-Type Star EK Draconis with Nearly Similar Time Evolution for H$\alpha$ and White-Light Emissions
• Temporal evolution and correlations of optical activity indicators measured in Sun-as-a-star observations
• Universal Scaling Laws for Solar and Stellar Atmospheric Heating
• Investigation of coronal properties of X-ray bright G-dwarf stars based on the solar surface magnetic field -- corona relation
• The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Rotational variation in activity indicators of Ross 318, YZ CMi, TYC 3529-1437-1, and EV Lac
• Stellar coronal X-ray emission and surface magnetic flux
• Irradiance Variations of the Sun and Sun-Like Stars -- Overview of Topical Collection
• Solar Hα excess during Solar Cycle 24 from full-disk filtergrams of the Chromospheric Telescope

Cited by in corpus (7)

• Reconstructing the XUV Spectra of Active Sun-like Stars Using Solar Scaling Relations with Magnetic Flux
• A model for heating the super-hot corona in solar active regions
• Transition of latitudinal differential rotation as a possible cause of weakened magnetic braking of solar-type stars
• Magnetized winds of M-type stars and star-planet magnetic interactions: uncertainties and modeling strategy
• Coronal Loops with Different Metallicities and Generalized RTV Scaling Laws
• Detecting Stellar Coronal Mass Ejections via Coronal Dimming in the Extreme Ultraviolet
• Comparison of solar multifrequency microwave data with other solar indices for understanding solar and stellar microwave data