Realization of a Townes soliton in a two-component planar Bose gas

Abstract

Most experimental observations of solitons are limited to one-dimensional (1D) situations, where they are naturally stable. For instance, in 1D cold Bose gases, they exist for any attractive interaction strength $g$ and particle number $N$. By contrast, in two dimensions, solitons appear only for discrete values of $gN$, the so-called Townes soliton being the most celebrated example. Here, we use a two-component Bose gas to prepare deterministically such a soliton: Starting from a uniform bath of atoms in a given internal state, we imprint the soliton wave function using an optical transfer to another state. We explore various interaction strengths, atom numbers and sizes, and confirm the existence of a solitonic behaviour for a specific value of $gN$ and arbitrary sizes, a hallmark of scale invariance.

References in corpus (12)

• Quantum liquid droplets in a mixture of Bose-Einstein condensates
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• Collisions of matter-wave solitons
• Collisions of self-bound quantum droplets
• Universal Properties of Two-Dimensional Boson Droplets
• Friction and diffusion of matter-wave bright solitons
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• Observation of scale invariance in two-dimensional matter-wave Townes solitons
• Optical control of the density and spin spatial profiles of a planar Bose gas

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