Effects of spin on constraining the seeds and growth of $\gtrsim 10^9{M}_{\odot }$ supermassive black holes in $z>6.5$ Quasars

Abstract

The existence of $\gtrsim 10^9{M}_{\odot }$ supermassive black holes (SMBHs) at redshift $z>6$ raises the problem of how such SMBHs can grow up within the cosmic time ($<1$\,Gyr) from small seed BHs. In this letter, we use the observations of $14$ Quasars at $z>6.5$ with mass estimates to constrain their seeds and early growth, by self-consistently considering the spin evolution and the possibility of super-Eddington accretion. We find that spin plays an important role in the growth of early SMBHs, and the constraints on seed mass and super-Eddington accretion fraction strongly depend on the assumed accretion history. If the accretion is coherent with single (or a small number of) episode(s), leading to high spins for the majority of accretion time, then the SMBH growth is relatively slow; and if the accretion is chaotic with many episodes and in each episode the total accreted mass is much less than the SMBH mass, leading to moderate/low spins, then the growth is relatively fast. The constraints on the seed mass and super-Eddington accretion fraction are degenerate. A significant fraction ($\gtrsim 0.1\%-1\%$ in linear scale but $\sim 3-4$ dex in logarithmic scale for $10^3-10^4{M}_{\odot }$ seeds) of super-Eddington accretion is required if the seed mass is not $\gg 10^5{M}_{\odot }$, and the requirements of high seed-mass and/or super-Eddington accretion fraction are moderately relaxed if the accretion is chaotic.

arXiv comment7 pages, 2 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in ApJL

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Cited by in corpus (3)

• High-redshift SMBHs can grow from stellar-mass seeds via chaotic accretion
• How the super-Eddington regime affects black hole spin evolution in high-redshift galaxies
• Investigating the nuclear properties of highly accreting active galactic nuclei with XMM-Newton