Effect of accreting tidally disrupted stars on the spin evolution of $\sim 10^6{M}_{\odot }$ black holes

Abstract

Accretion of tidally disrupted stars (TDSs) is expected to contribute significantly to the growth of massive black holes (MBHs) with mass $\sim 10^6{M}_{\odot }$ in galactic centers. In this paper, we quantitatively investigate the effect of the TDS accretion on the spin evolution of these relatively small MBHs, by also considering the accretion of gas-clouds with (many) chaotic episodes. We find that the accretion of TDSs can play an important role or even a dominant role in shaping the spin distribution of $\sim 10^6{M}_{\odot }$ MBHs, depending on the contribution fraction ($f_{\mathrm{TDE}}$) of the TDS accretion to the MBH growth. If $f_{\mathrm{TDE}}$ is as large as $\gtrsim 0.9$, most $\sim 10^6{M}_{\odot }$ MBHs have low spins ($|a|\lesssim 0.3$); if $f_{\mathrm{TDE}}$ is as small as $\lesssim 0.1$, most $\sim 10^6{M}_{\odot }$ MBHs have high spins ($|a|\gtrsim 0.7$). We also find that (1) the fraction of highly spinning $\sim 10^6{M}_{\odot }$ MBHs in the TDS accretion states is smaller than that in the gas-cloud (AGN) accretion states, which is a consequence of more rapid spin decrease during the period of consecutive TDS accretion than the spin increase during the AGN periods when the spin is large; (2) the fraction of retrograde spin accretion in the TDS accretion states is almost the same as that of prograde spin accretion, while it is negligible in the gas-cloud (AGN) accretion states. Current scarce sample of AGNs ($\sim 10^6{M}_{\odot }$) with spin measurements hints an insignificant contribution from TDS accretion to MBH growth. Future measurements on spins of $\sim 10^6{M}_{\odot }$ MBHs may provide stronger constraints on the importance of both AGN and TDS accretion states in their growth history.

arXiv comment15pages, 8 figures, to appear in the Astrophysical Journal

References in corpus (73)

• Coevolution (Or Not) of Supermassive Black Holes and Host Galaxies
• Central Masses and Broad-Line Region Sizes of Active Galactic Nuclei. II. A Homogeneous Analysis of a Large Reverberation-Mapping Database
• Local Supermassive Black Holes, Relics of Active Galactic Nuclei and the X-ray Background
• Observational constraints on growth of massive black holes
• The Two Young Star Disks in the Central Parsec of the Galaxy: Properties, Dynamics and Formation
• Constraining Black Hole Spin Via X-ray Spectroscopy
• Self-Consistent Models of the AGN and Black Hole Populations: Duty Cycles, Accretion Rates, and the Mean Radiative Efficiency
• Optical Flares from the Tidal Disruption of Stars by Massive Black Holes
• Measuring Black Hole Spin using X-ray Reflection Spectroscopy
• Selfgravity and QSO disks
• Rates of tidal disruption of stars by massive central black holes
• Stellar disk in the galactic center -- a remnant of a dense accretion disk?
• HST/NICMOS Observations of Massive Stellar Clusters Near the Galactic Center
• Rates of Stellar Tidal Disruption as Probes of the Supermassive Black Hole Mass Function
• Revised Rates of Stellar Disruption in Galactic Nuclei
• A Disk of Young Stars at the Galactic Center as Determined by Individual Stellar Orbits
• The distribution and cosmic evolution of massive black hole spins
• Cosmological black hole spin evolution by mergers and accretion
• Multiband lightcurves of tidal disruption events
• The evolution of circular, non-equatorial orbits of Kerr black holes due to gravitational-wave emission
• Suzaku observations of 'bare' active galactic nuclei
• A rapidly spinning supermassive black hole at the centre of NGC 1365
• The Evolution of Black Hole Mass and Spin in Active Galactic Nuclei
• Aligning spinning black holes and accretion discs
• B-Mode contamination by synchrotron emission from 3-years WMAP data
• The evolution of massive black holes and their spins in their galactic hosts
• UV/Optical Detections of Candidate Tidal Disruption Events by GALEX and CFHTLS
• Large-Amplitude X-ray Outbursts from Galactic Nuclei: A Systematic Survey Using ROSAT Archival Data
• Broad iron L-line and X-ray reverberation in 1H0707-495
• Evolution of circular, non-equatorial orbits of Kerr black holes due to gravitational-wave emission: II. Inspiral trajectories and gravitational waveforms
• Tidal disruption rate of stars by spinning supermassive black holes
• PS16dtm: A Tidal Disruption Event in a Narrow-line Seyfert 1 Galaxy
• The Geometry of and Mass Accretion Rate through the Maser Accretion Disk in NGC 4258
• MCG-6-30-15: Long Timescale X-Ray Variability, Black Hole Mass and AGN High States
• Linking the spin evolution of massive black holes to galaxy kinematics
• Fuelling Active Galactic Nuclei
• Evolution of tidal disruption candidates discovered by XMM-Newton
• Black-Hole Spin and Galactic Morphology
• The final-parsec problem in the collisionless limit
• Variable partial covering and a relativistic iron line in NGC 1365
• The evolution of active galactic nuclei and their spins
• Self-gravitating accretion disk in Sgr A* few million years ago: was Sgr A* a failed quasar?
• Measurement of the rate of stellar tidal disruption flares
• Observing Lense-Thirring Precession in Tidal Disruption Flares
• On the orientation and magnitude of the black hole spin in galactic nuclei
• A Suzaku survey of Fe K lines in Seyfert 1 AGN
• Narrow Iron K$\alpha$ Lines in Active Galactic Nuclei: Evolving Populations?
• A 200-s Quasi-Periodicity Following the Tidal Disruption of a Star by a Dormant Black Hole
• Mass and spin coevolution during the alignment of a black hole in a warped accretion disc
• Lense-Thirring precession around supermassive black holes during tidal disruption events
• Star Captures by Quasar Accretion Disks: A Possible Explanation of the M-sigma Relation
• A Remarkably Loud Quasi-Periodicity after a Star is Disrupted by a Massive Black Hole
• Constraints on QSO models from a relation between the QSO luminosity function and the local black hole mass function
• A selection effect boosting the contribution from rapidly spinning black holes to the Cosmic X-ray Background
• Alignment and Precession of a Black Hole with a Warped Accretion Disc
• VLBA Continuum Observations of NGC 4258: Constraints on an Advection-Dominated Accretion Flow
• Toward precise constraints on growth of massive black holes
• The Mass and Spin of The Extreme Narrow Line Seyfert 1 Galaxy 1H 0707-495 and Its Implications for The Trigger for Relativistic Jets
• Evolution of linear warps in accretion discs and applications to protoplanetary discs in binaries
• Hydrodynamic Simulations of Propagating Warps and Bending Waves In Accretion Discs
• The Most Massive Active Black-Holes at z~1.5-3.5 Have High Spins and Radiative Efficiencies
• Pulsations in Short GRBs from Black Hole-Neutron Star Mergers
• Contribution of Stellar Tidal Disruptions to the X-Ray Luminosity Function of Active Galaxies
• Active galactic nuclei at z ~ 1.5: III. Accretion discs and black hole spin
• Spinning up black holes with super-critical accretion flows
• The Arches cluster out to its tidal radius: dynamical mass segregation and the effect of the extinction law on the stellar mass function
• Reconstructing the Arches I: Constraining the Initial Conditions
• Warp propagation in astrophysical discs
• Water-Vapor Maser Disk at the Nucleus of the Seyfert 2 Galaxy IC 2560 and its Distance
• On Constraining the Growth History of Massive Black Holes via Their Distribution on the Spin-Mass Plane
• Relativistic Fe K$\alpha$ Line Revealed in the Composite X-ray Spectrum of Narrow Line Seyfert 1 Galaxies --- do their black holes have averagely low or intermediate spins?
• Orbital orientation evolution of massive binary black holes at the centres of non-spherical galaxies
• The molecular H2 and stellar discs in the nuclear region of NGC 4258

Cited by in corpus (8)

• A Tidal Disruption Event Candidate Discovered in the Active Galactic Nucleus SDSS J022700.77-042020.6
• Tidal disruption near black holes and their mimickers
• The correlations of stellar tidal disruption rates with properties of massive black holes and their host galaxies
• Effects of spin on constraining the seeds and growth of $\gtrsim 10^9{M}_{\odot }$ supermassive black holes in $z>6.5$ Quasars
• Growth of A Massive Black Hole Via Tidal Disruption Accretion
• Radio signals from early direct collapse black holes
• On the Power to Constrain the Accretion History of Massive Black Holes via Spin Measurements by Upcoming X-Ray Telescopes
• The Faintest, Extremely Variable X-ray Tidal Disruption Event from a Supermassive Black Hole Binary?