Emergence of the strong tunable linear Rashba spin-orbit coupling of two-dimensional hole gases in semiconductor quantum

Abstract

Two-dimensional hole gases in semiconductor quantum wells are promising platforms for spintronics and quantum computation but suffer from the lack of the $\mathbf{k}$-linear term in the Rashba spin-orbit coupling (SOC), which is essential for spin manipulations without magnetism and commonly believed to be a $\mathbf{k}$-cubic term as the lowest order. Here, contrary to conventional wisdom, we uncover a strong and tunable $\mathbf{k}$-linear Rashba SOC in two-dimensional hole gases (2DHG) of semiconductor quantum wells by performing atomistic pseudopotential calculations combined with an effective Hamiltonian for a model system of Ge/Si quantum wells. Its maximal strength exceeds 120 meVÅ, comparable to the highest values reported in narrow bandgap III-V semiconductor 2D electron gases, which suffers from short spin lifetime due to the presence of nuclear spin. We also illustrate that this emergent $\mathbf{k}$-linear Rashba SOC is a first-order direct Rashba effect, originating from a combination of heavy-hole-light-hole mixing and direct dipolar intersubband coupling to the external electric field. These findings confirm Ge-based 2DHG to be an excellent platform towards large-scale quantum computation.

arXiv comment17 pages, 4 figures

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• Hole spin qubits in Si FinFETs with fully tunable spin-orbit coupling and sweet spots for charge noise
• Squeezed hole spin qubits in Ge quantum dots with ultrafast gates at low power
• Hole spin manipulation in inhomogeneous and non-separable electric fields
• Planar Josephson junctions in germanium: Effect of cubic spin-orbit interaction
• Linear-in-momentum spin orbit interactions in planar Ge/GeSi heterostructures and spin qubits
• High-fidelity spin qubit shuttling via large spin-orbit interaction
• Majorana zero modes in gate-defined germanium hole nanowires
• The emergent linear Rashba spin-orbit coupling offering the fast manipulation of hole-spin qubits in germanium
• Determination of spin-orbit interaction in semiconductor nanostructures via non-linear transport
• Anisotropic $g$-tensors in hole quantum dots: The role of the transverse confinement direction
• An upper and lower bound to the orientation-dependent linear Rashba spin-orbit coupling of two-dimensional hole gases in semiconductor quantum wells
• Spin splitting in low-symmetry quantum wells beyond Rashba and Dresselhaus terms
• Spin-orbit interactions may relax the rigid conditions leading to flat bands
• Two-band description of the strong `spin'-orbit coupled one-dimensional hole gas in a cylindrical Ge nanowire
• Electrical manipulation of a hole `spin'-orbit qubit in nanowire quantum dot: the nontrivial magnetic field effects
• Photodriven germanium hole qubit
• Matter with apparent and hidden spin physics
• Role of anisotropic confining potential and elliptical driving in dynamics of a Ge hole qubit
• Fully tunable hyperfine interactions of hole spin qubits in Si and Ge quantum dots