Quantitative comparison of electrically induced spin and orbital polarizations in heavy-metal/3d-metal bilayers
arXiv:2004.11942 · doi:10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.5.074407
Abstract
Electrical control of magnetization is of crucial importance for integrated spintronics devices. Spin-orbit torques (SOT) in heavy-metal/ferromagnetic heterostructures have emerged as promising tool to achieve efficiently current-induced magnetization reversal. However, the microscopic origin of the SOT is being debated,with the spin Hall effect (SHE) due to nonlocal spin currents and the spin Rashba-Edelstein effect (SREE) due to local spin polarization at the interface being the primary candidates. We investigate the electrically induced out-of-equilibrium spin and orbital polarizations in pure Pt films and in Pt/3d-metal (Co, Ni, Cu) bilayer films using ab initio electronic structure methods and linear-response theory. We compute atom-resolved response quantities that allow us to identify the induced spin-polarization contributions that lead to fieldlike SOTs, mostly associated with the SREE, and dampinglike (DL) SOTs, mostly associated with the SHE, and compare their relative magnitude, dependence on the magnetization direction, as well as their Pt-layer thickness dependence. We find that both the FL and DL components contribute to the resulting SOT at the Pt/Co and Pt/Ni interfaces, with the former contributions being larger at the Pt interface layer and the latter larger in the Co or Ni layers. Our calculations show that the electrically-induced transverse orbital polarization is exceedingly larger than the induced spin polarization and present even without spin-orbit coupling, in contrast to the spin polarization.
arXiv comment21 pages, 15 figures
References in corpus (50)
- Restoring the density-gradient expansion for exchange in solids and surfaces
- Generalized gradient approximation for solids and their surfaces
- The SIESTA method for ab initio order-N materials simulation
- Efficient index handling of multidimensional periodic boundary conditions
- Spin torque switching with the giant spin Hall effect of tantalum
- Spin Hall effect
- Current-driven Magnetization Reversal and Spin Wave Excitations in Co/Cu/Co Pillars
- Spin Torque Ferromagnetic Resonance Induced by the Spin Hall Effect
- Current-induced spin-orbit torques in ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic systems
- Experimental observation of the spin-Hall effect in a two dimensional spin-orbit coupled semiconductor system
- Layer thickness dependence of the current induced effective field vector in Ta|CoFeB|MgO
- Atomistic spin model simulations of magnetic nanomaterials
- Study of Intrinsic Spin Hall Effect and Orbital Hall Effect in 4d- and 5d- Transition Metals
- Spin Pumping and Inverse Spin Hall Effect in Platinum: The Essential Role of Spin-Memory Loss at Metallic Interfaces
- Current induced torques and interfacial spin-orbit coupling: Semiclassical Modeling
- Spin torque study of the spin Hall conductivity and spin diffusion length in platinum thin films with varying resistivity
- Interplay of spin-orbit torque and thermoelectric effects in ferromagnet/normal metal bilayers
- Intrinsic spin Hall effect in platinum metal
- Intrinsic Spin and Orbital Hall Effects from Orbital Texture
- Current induced electron spin polarization in strained semiconductors
- Giant Orbital Hall Effect in Transition Metals: Origin of Large Spin and Anomalous Hall Effects
- Time- and spatially-resolved magnetization dynamics driven by spin-orbit torques
- Harnessing non-local orbital-to-spin conversion of interfacial orbital currents for efficient spin-orbit torques
- Gigantic intrinsic orbital Hall effects in weakly spin-orbit coupled metals
- Spin Transport at Interfaces with Spin-Orbit Coupling: Phenomenology
- Orbital Torque: Torque Generation by Orbital Current Injection
- Interface-generated spin currents
- Giant room temperature interface spin Hall and inverse spin Hall effects
- Spin-orbit torques in Co/Pt(111) and Mn/W(001) magnetic bilayers from first principles
- Spin-orbit torques in locally and globally non-centrosymmetric crystals: Antiferromagnets and ferromagnets
- Ab initio calculation of intrinsic spin Hall effect in semiconductors
- Magneto-Optical Detection of the Spin Hall Effect in Pt and W Thin Films
- Theory of Current-Induced Angular Momentum Transfer Dynamics in Spin-Orbit Coupled Systems
- Non-trivial charge-to-spin conversion in ferromagnetic metal/Cu/Al2O3 by orbital transport
- Orbital Rashba effect in surface oxidized Cu film
- Observation of Spin-Orbit Effects with Spin Rotation Symmetry
- Orbitally Dominated Rashba-Edelstein Effect in Noncentrosymmetric Antiferromagnets
- Room-temperature spin-orbit torque in NiMnSb
- Direct and inverse spin-orbit torques
- Spin-memory loss due to spin-orbit coupling at ferromagnet/heavy-metal interfaces: Ab initio spin-density matrix approach
- First-principles calculation of spin-orbit torque in a Co/Pt bilayer
- First Principles Study of Angular Dependence of Spin-Orbit Torque in Pt/Co and Pd/Co Bilayers
- Inductive detection of field-like and damping-like AC inverse spin-orbit torques in ferromagnet/normal metal bilayers
- A fully relativistic description of spin-orbit torques by means of linear response theory
- Planar Hall driven torque in a FM/NM/FM system
- Microscopic Origin of Spin-Orbit Torque in Ferromagnetic Heterostructures: A First Principles Approach
- Current-induced spin polarization at the surface of metallic films: a theorem and an ab initio calculation
- Magnetization direction dependent spin Hall effect in 3d ferromagnets
- Absence of significant spin current generation in Ti/FeCoB bilayers with strong interfacial spin-orbit coupling
- X-ray spectroscopy of current-induced spin-orbit torques and spin accumulation in Pt/3d transition metal bilayers
Cited by in corpus (17)
- Observation of long-range orbital transport and giant orbital torque
- Giant orbital Hall effect and orbital-to-spin conversion in 3d, 5d, and 4f metallic heterostructures
- Magneto-Optical Detection of the Orbital Hall Effect in Chromium
- Connecting Higher-Order Topology with the Orbital Hall Effect in Monolayers of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
- Long-range current-induced spin accumulation in chiral crystals
- Orbital relaxation length from first-principles scattering calculations
- Dyakonov-Perel-like Orbital and Spin Relaxations in Centrosymmetric Systems
- Orbital magnetoelectric effect in nanoribbons of transition metal dichalcogenides
- Large Chiral Orbital Texture and Orbital Edelstein Effect in Co/Al Heterostructure
- Current induced switching in Mn2Au from first principles
- Orbital Hall effect in mesoscopic devices
- Anatomy of torques from orbital Rashba textures: the case of Co/Al interfaces
- Theoretical study of orbital torque: Dependence on ferromagnet species and nonmagnetic layer thickness
- Spin Hall response at finite wave vector in ferromagnets
- Anisotropy-Driven Anomalous Inverse Orbital Hall Effect in Fe Films
- Theory of magnetic spin and orbital Hall and Nernst effects in bulk ferromagnets
- Injection of orbital angular momentum into transition metals from first-principles