Topological superconductivity in a van der Waals heterostructure

Abstract

The designer approach has become a new paradigm in accessing novel quantum phases of matter. Moreover, the realization of exotic states such as topological insulators, superconductors and quantum spin liquids often poses challenging or even contradictory demands for any single material. For example, it is presently unclear if topological superconductivity, which has been suggested as a key ingredient for topological quantum computing, exists at all in any naturally occurring material . This problem can be circumvented by using designer heterostructures combining different materials, where the desired physics emerges from the engineered interactions between the different components. Here, we employ the designer approach to demonstrate two major breakthroughs - the fabrication of van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures combining 2D ferromagnetism with superconductivity and the observation of 2D topological superconductivity. We use molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) to grow two-dimensional islands of ferromagnetic chromium tribromide (CrBr${}_3$) on superconducting niobium diselenide (NbSe${}_2$) and show the signatures of one-dimensional Majorana edge modes using low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS). The fabricated two-dimensional vdW heterostructure provides a high-quality controllable platform that can be integrated in device structures harnessing topological superconductivity. Finally, layered heterostructures can be readily accessed by a large variety of external stimuli potentially allowing external control of 2D topological superconductivity through electrical, mechanical, chemical, or optical means.

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• 2D materials and van der Waals heterostructures
• Non-Abelian Anyons and Topological Quantum Computation
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• Discovery of intrinsic ferromagnetism in 2D van der Waals crystals
• Superconducting proximity effect and Majorana fermions at the surface of a topological insulator
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• A generic new platform for topological quantum computation using semiconductor heterostructures
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• Majorana fermions in a tunable semiconductor device
• Controlling magnetism in 2D CrI3 by electrostatic doping
• Realizing Majorana zero modes in superconductor-semiconductor heterostructures
• Electric-field switching of two-dimensional van der Waals magnets
• Evidence for Majorana bound state in an iron-based superconductor
• Characterization of collective ground states in single-layer NbSe2
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• Observation of Majorana fermions with spin selective Andreev reflection in the vortex of topological superconductor
• Topological Phases of Noncentrosymmetric Superconductors: Edge States, Majorana Fermions, and the Non-Abelian Statistics
• Direct observation of van der Waals stacking dependent interlayer magnetism
• Direct photoluminescence probing of ferromagnetism in monolayer two-dimensional CrBr3
• Giant and tunable valley degeneracy splitting in MoTe2
• Unfolding spinor wavefunctions and expectation values of general operators: Introducing the unfolding-density operator
• Magnon-assisted tunnelling in van der Waals heterostructures based on CrBr3
• Nearly quantized conductance plateau of vortex zero mode in an iron-based superconductor
• Two energy gaps and Fermi surface 'arcs' in NbSe2
• Long range coherent magnetic bound states in superconductors
• Two-dimensional topological superconductivity in Pb/Co/Si(111)
• Strain-tunable magnetic and electronic properties of monolayer CrI3
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• Atomic-Scale Interface Engineering of Majorana Edge Modes in a 2D Magnet-Superconductor Hybrid System
• Observation of a Majorana zero mode in a topologically protected edge channel
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• A novel platform for two-dimensional chiral topological superconductivity
• Designer quantum states of matter created atom-by-atom
• Strong localization of Majorana end states in chains of magnetic adatoms
• Rashba-like spin splitting along three momentum directions in trigonal layered PtBi2
• Quantized charge transport in chiral Majorana edge modes
• Quasiparticle energy bands and Fermi surfaces of monolayer NbSe${}_2$

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• Spin-orbit coupling induced splitting of Yu-Shiba-Rusinov states in antiferromagnetic dimers
• Engineering interfacial quantum states and electronic landscapes by molecular nanoarchitectures
• Atomic-scale visualization of multiferroicity in monolayer NiI${}_2$
• Electronic and magnetic characterization of epitaxial CrBr${}_3$ monolayers
• Apparent Ferromagnetism in Exfoliated Ultra-thin Pyrite Sheets
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• Controllable dimensionality conversion between 1D and 2D CrCl3 magnetic nanostructures
• Signatures of Majorana protection in a three-site Kitaev chain
• Non-Majorana modes in diluted spin chains proximitized to a superconductor
• A Two-Dimensional Metal-Organic Framework on Superconducting NbSe${}_2$
• Yu-Shiba-Rusinov qubit
• Proximity superconductivity in atom-by-atom crafted quantum dots
• Moiré-driven multiferroic order in twisted CrCl${}_3$, CrBr${}_3$ and CrI${}_3$ bilayers
• Emergence of electric-field-tunable interfacial ferromagnetism in 2D antiferromagnet heterostructures
• Van der Waals pi Josephson junctions
• Prediction of intrinsic topological superconductivity in Mn-doped GeTe monolayer from first-principles
• Antiferromagnetism-driven two-dimensional topological nodal-point superconductivity
• Electronic band structure changes across the antiferromagnetic phase transition of exfoliated MnPS${}_3$ probed by $\mu$-ARPES
• Adversarial Hamiltonian learning of quantum dots in a minimal Kitaev chain
• Evidence of nodal superconductivity in monolayer 1H-TaS${}_2$ with hidden order fluctuations
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• Interactions mediated by atoms, photons, electrons, and excitons
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• Testing the topological nature of end states in antiferromagnetic atomic chains on superconductors
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• PTCDA molecular monolayer on Pb thin films: An unusual π-electron Kondo system and its interplay with a quantum-confined superconductor
• TaCo${}_2$Te${}_2$: An air-stable, magnetic van der Waals material with high mobility
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• Room-temperature ferromagnetism in epitaxial bilayer FeSb/SrTiO3(001) terminated with a Kagome lattice
• Observation of Gapped Topological Surface States and Isolated Surface Resonances in PdTe${}_2$ Ultrathin Films
• Roadmap on Quantum Magnetic Materials
• Majorana bound states in encapsulated bilayer graphene
• Transport and spectral properties of magic angle twisted bilayer graphene junctions based on local orbital models
• Epitaxial monolayers of magnetic 2D semiconductor FeBr${}_2$ grown on Au(111)
• Controlling magnetism through Ising superconductivity in magnetic van der Waals heterostructures
• Observation of robust zero-energy state and enhanced superconducting gap in a tri-layer heterostructure of MnTe/Bi2Te3/Fe(Te, Se)
• Weyl singularities in polaritonic multi-terminal Josephson junctions
• Ferroelectric topological superconductor
• Gate-controlled proximity effect in superconductor/ferromagnet van der Waals heterostructures
• Pseudo-Ising superconductivity induced by $p$-wave magnetism
• Ferroelectric valley valves with graphene/MoTe${}_2$ van der Waals heterostructures
• Quasiperiodic criticality and spin-triplet superconductivity in superconductor-antiferromagnet moire patterns
• Charge-density wave transition in magnetic topological semimetal EuAl${}_4$
• Giant gate-tunable renormalization of spin-correlated flat-band states and bandgap in a 2D magnetic insulator
• Topological Fermi-arc surface state covered by floating electrons on a two-dimensional electride
• Hamiltonian learning with real-space impurity tomography in topological moire superconductors
• Magnetic proximity effect in superconductor/ferromagnet van der Waals heterostructures: dependence on the number of superconducting monolayers
• Dual topological superconducting states in the layered titanium-based oxypnictide superconductor BaTi${}_2$Sb${}_2$O
• Topological superconductor candidates PdBi${}_2$Te${}_4$ and PdBi${}_2$Te${}_5$ from a generic ab initio strategy
• Topological Superconductivity in Monolayer T${}_{\text{d}}$-MoTe${}_2$
• Observation of in-gap states in a two-dimensional CrI2/NbSe2 heterostructure
• Crossover from Conventional to Unconventional Superconductivity in 2M-WS2
• Impurity-induced excitations in a topological two-dimensional ferromagnet/superconductor van der Waals moiré heterostructure
• Observation of Yu-Shiba-Rusinov-like states at the edge of CrBr3/NbSe2 heterostructure
• Topological zero modes and correlation pumping in an engineered Kondo lattice
• Topological superconductivity in a magnetic-texture coupled Josephson junction
• Interaction-induced topological superconductivity in antiferromagnet-superconductor junctions
• Diamagnetic property and optical absorption in conventional superconductors with magnetic impurities
• Moire-enabled topological superconductivity in twisted bilayer graphene
• Quantum phase transition in magnetic nanographenes on a lead superconductor
• Proximity-Induced Superconductivity in Atomically Precise Nanographene
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• Tunable moire spinons in magnetically encapsulated twisted van der Waals quantum spin-liquids
• Superconductivity near the saddle point in the two-dimensional Rashba system Si(111)-$\sqrt{3}\times \sqrt{3}$-(Tl,Pb)
• Majorana-magnon interactions in topological Shiba chains
• Observation of Persistent Zero Modes and Superconducting Vortex Doublets in UTe${}_2$
• Directly probing the chirality of Majorana edge states
• Superconductivity and weak anti-localization in nodal-line semimetal SnTaS_2
• Wannier center spectroscopy to identify boundary-obstructed topological insulators
• Magnon-mediated topological superconductivity in a quantum wire
• Coexistence of Chiral Majorana Edge States and Bogoliubov Fermi Surfaces in Two-Dimensional Nonsymmorphic Dirac Semimetal/Superconductor Heterostructures
• Emergence of Exotic Spin Texture in Supramolecular Metal Complexes on a 2D Superconductor
• Grain-boundary topological superconductor
• Topological Corner States in Bilayer and Trilayer Systems with Vertically Stacked Topological Heterostructures
• Quantized Thermal Hall Conductance and the Topological Phase Diagram of a Superconducting Bismuth Bilayer
• Shaping graphene superconductivity with nanometer precision
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• Diluted Yu-Shiba-Rusinov arrays on the $\beta$-Bi${}_2$Pd anisotropic superconductor
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