Diffusion of heavy quarks in the early stage of high-energy nuclear collisions at energies available at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and at the CERN Large Hadron Collider

Abstract

We study the diffusion of charm and beauty in the early stage of high energy nuclear collisions at RHIC and LHC energies, considering the interaction of these heavy quarks with the evolving Glasma by means of the Wong equations. In comparison with previous works, we add the longitudinal expansion as well as we estimate the effect of energy loss due to gluon radiation. We find that heavy quarks diffuse in the strong transverse color fields in the very early stage (0.2-0.3 fm/c) and this leads to a suppression at low $p_T$ and enhancement at intermediate low $p_T$. The shape of the observed nuclear suppression factor obtained within our calculations is in qualitative agreement with the experimental results of the same quantity for $D-$mesons in proton-nucleus collisions. We compute the nuclear suppression factor in nucleus-nucleus collisions as well, for both charm and beauty, finding a substantial impact of the evolving Glasma phase on these, suggesting that initialization of heavy quarks spectra in the quark-gluon plasma phase should not neglect the early evolution in the strong gluon fields.

12 pages, 8+1 figures. Discussion on the scaling of parameters from three to two colors added in Appendix. Matches published version. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1805.09617

References in corpus (70)

• Computing Quark and Gluon Distribution Functions for Very Large Nuclei
• Gluon Distribution Functions for Very Large Nuclei at Small Transverse Momentum
• Saturation Effects in Deep Inelastic Scattering at low $Q^2$ and its Implications on Diffraction
• The Color Glass Condensate
• Green's Functions in the Color Field of a Large Nucleus
• EPS09 - a New Generation of NLO and LO Nuclear Parton Distribution Functions
• The p_T Spectrum in Heavy-Flavour Hadroproduction
• Saturation in Diffractive Deep Inelastic Scattering
• Theoretical predictions for charm and bottom production at the LHC
• Heavy-flavour and quarkonium production in the LHC era: from proton-proton to heavy-ion collisions
• Some Features of the Glasma
• The p_T Spectrum in Heavy-Flavour Photoproduction
• Non-Abelian Weizsacker-Williams field and a two-dimensional effective color charge density for a very large nucleus
• Gluon Production from Non-Abelian Weizsäcker-Williams Fields in Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions
• Gluon Production at High Transverse Momentum in the McLerran-Venugopalan Model of Nuclear Structure Functions
• Extraction of Heavy-Flavor Transport Coefficients in QCD Matter
• Collective non-Abelian instabilities in a melting Color Glass Condensate
• Coherent gluon production in very high energy heavy ion collisions
• Turbulent thermalization process in heavy-ion collisions at ultrarelativistic energies
• The Unstable Glasma
• The initial gluon multiplicity in heavy ion collisions
• Universal attractor in a highly occupied non-Abelian plasma
• Directed Flow of Charm Quarks as a Witness of the Initial Strong Magnetic Field in Ultra-Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions
• Pressure isotropization in high energy heavy ion collisions
• Toward a solution to the $R_{AA}$ and $v_2$ puzzle for heavy quarks
• Relating high-energy lepton-hadron, proton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions through geometric scaling
• CGC predictions for p+Pb collisions at the LHC
• Charmed Hadrons from Coalescence plus Fragmentation in relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions at RHIC and LHC
• Predictions for $p+$Pb Collisions at sqrt s_NN = 5 TeV
• Open Heavy Flavor in QCD Matter and in Nuclear Collisions
• The evolving Glasma
• Imprints of fluctuating proton shapes on flow in proton-lead collisions at the LHC
• Nuclear enhancement of universal dynamics of high parton densities
• Towards the determination of heavy-quark transport coefficients in quark-gluon plasma
• Eccentric protons? Sensitivity of flow to system size and shape in p+p, p+Pb and Pb+Pb collisions
• Wilson line correlator in the MV model: relating the glasma to deep inelastic scattering
• Classical Gluodynamics of High Energy Nuclear Collisions: an Erratum and an Update
• Yang-Mills Radiation in Ultra-relativistic Nuclear Collisions
• Revealing proton shape fluctuations with incoherent diffraction at high energy
• Color Glass Condensate and Glasma
• Heavy quark pair production in high energy pA collisions: Open heavy flavors
• Initial Singularity of the Little Bang
• Heavy Flavor in Medium Momentum Evolution: Langevin vs Boltzmann
• Forward $J/\psi$ production in proton-nucleus collisions at high energy
• CGC predictions for p+A collisions at the LHC and signature of QCD saturation
• Measurement of prompt D-meson production in p-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 5.02 TeV
• Heavy-flavor production and medium properties in high-energy nuclear collisions - What next?
• Study of prompt D${}^0$ meson production in pPb collisions at $\sqrt{s}$=5 TeV
• Basin of attraction for turbulent thermalization and the range of validity of classical-statistical simulations
• Early Time Dynamics of Gluon Fields in High Energy Nuclear Collisions
• Impact of Glasma on heavy quark observables in nucleus-nucleus collisions at LHC
• Fluctuations of the initial color fields in high energy heavy ion collisions
• Effect of pre-equilibrium phase on $R_{AA}$ and $v_2$ of heavy quarks in heavy ion collisions
• The non-linear Glasma
• The cathode tube effect: heavy quarks probing the Glasma in p-Pb collisions
• Initial energy density and gluon distribution from the Glasma in heavy-ion collisions
• Geometric scaling in inclusive e A reactions and nonlinear perturbative QCD
• Heavy Quarks in Turbulent QCD Plasmas
• Heavy-flavour production in high-energy d-Au and p-Pb collisions
• Predictions for $p+$Pb Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=5$ TeV: Comparison with Data
• Modelling Early Stages of Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions: Coupling Relativistic Transport Theory to Decaying Color-electric Flux Tubes
• Equilibration of anisotropic quark-gluon plasma produced by decays of color flux tubes
• Turbulent pattern formation and diffusion in the early-time dynamics in the relativistic heavy-ion collision
• Heavy quark diffusion in pre-equilibrium stage of heavy ion collisions
• Schwinger mechanism enhanced by the Nielsen--Olesen instability
• Impact of momentum-space anisotropy on heavy quark dynamics in a QGP medium
• Evolution of pressures and correlations in the Glasma produced in high energy nuclear collisions
• The glasma initial state at the LHC
• Classical model for diffusion and thermalization of heavy quarks in a hot medium: memory and out-of-equilibrium effects
• Diffusion of charm and beauty in the Glasma

Cited by in corpus (13)

• Simulating jets and heavy quarks in the Glasma using the colored particle-in-cell method
• Transport of hard probes through glasma
• Memory effects on energy loss and diffusion of heavy quarks in the quark-gluon plasma
• Dynamics of Hot QCD Matter -- Current Status and Developments
• Ballistic diffusion of heavy quarks in the early stage of relativistic heavy ion collisions at RHIC and LHC
• Exploring the effects of electromagnetic fields and tilted bulk distribution on directed flow of D mesons in small systems
• Energy Loss Versus Energy Gain of Heavy Quarks in a Hot Medium
• Heavy Quark Momentum Broadening in a Non-Abelian Plasma away from Thermal Equilibrium
• The impact of glasma on heavy flavor azimuthal correlations and spectra
• Towards the understanding of heavy quarks hadronization: from leptonic to heavy-ion collisions
• Collective excitations in the hot QCD medium and the propagation of Heavy Quarks
• Elliptic flow of charm quarks produced in the early stage of pA collisions
• Heavy quark polarization anisotropy as a novel probe of fireball geometry