The cosmic evolution of the stellar mass$-$velocity dispersion relation of early-type galaxies

Abstract

We study the evolution of the observed correlation between central stellar velocity dispersion ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{e}}$ and stellar mass $M_{\ast }$ of massive ($M_{\ast }\gtrsim 3\times 10^{10}{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$) early-type galaxies (ETGs) out to redshift $z\approx 2.5$, exploiting a Bayesian hierarchical inference formalism. Collecting ETGs from state-of-the-art literature samples, we build a $fiducial$ sample ($0\lesssim z\lesssim 1$), which is obtained with homogeneous selection criteria, but also a less homogeneous $extended$ sample ($0\lesssim z\lesssim 2.5$). Based on the fiducial sample, we find that the $M_{\ast }$-${\sigma }_{\mathrm{e}}$ relation is well represented by ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{e}}\propto M_{\ast }^{\beta }(1+z{)}^{\zeta }$, with $\beta \simeq 0.18$ independent of redshift and $\zeta \simeq 0.4$ (at given $M_{\ast }$, ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{e}}$ decreases for decreasing $z$, for instance by a factor of $\approx 1.3$ from $z=1$ to $z=0$). When the slope $\beta$ is allowed to evolve, we find it increasing with redshift: $\beta (z)\simeq 0.16+0.26\log (1+z)$ describes the data as well as constant $\beta \simeq 0.18$. The intrinsic scatter of the $M_{\ast }$-${\sigma }_{\mathrm{e}}$ relation is $\simeq 0.08$ dex in ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{e}}$ at given $M_{\ast }$, independent of redshift. Our results suggest that, on average, the velocity dispersion of $individual$ massive ($M_{\ast }\gtrsim 3\times 10^{11}{M}_{\odot }$) ETGs decreases with time while they evolve from $z\approx 1$ to $z\approx 0$. The analysis of the extended sample leads to results similar to that of the fiducial sample, with slightly stronger redshift dependence of the normalisation ($\zeta \simeq 0.5$) and weaker redshift dependence of the slope ($\mathrm{d}\beta /\mathrm{d}\log (1+z)\simeq 0.18$) when $\beta$ varies with time. At $z=2$ ETGs with $M_{\ast }\approx 10^{11}{M}_{\odot }$ have, on average, $\approx 1.7$ higher ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{e}}$ than ETGs of similar stellar mass at $z=0$.

arXiv comment26 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS

References in corpus (69)

• emcee: The MCMC Hammer
• Stellar population synthesis at the resolution of 2003
• Galactic Stellar and Substellar Initial Mass Function
• MultiNest: an efficient and robust Bayesian inference tool for cosmology and particle physics
• The Eleventh and Twelfth Data Releases of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: Final Data from SDSS-III
• SDSS-III: Massive Spectroscopic Surveys of the Distant Universe, the Milky Way Galaxy, and Extra-Solar Planetary Systems
• The Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS) -- Overview
• Spectroscopic Target Selection in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: The Main Galaxy Sample
• Multimodal nested sampling: an efficient and robust alternative to MCMC methods for astronomical data analysis
• X-ray spectral modelling of the AGN obscuring region in the CDFS: Bayesian model selection and catalogue
• The Sixth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• Physical Models of Galaxy Formation in a Cosmological Framework
• 3D-HST+CANDELS: The Evolution of the Galaxy Size-Mass Distribution since $z=3$
• The ages and metallicities of galaxies in the local universe
• The SAURON project - IV. The mass-to-light ratio, the virial mass estimator and the fundamental plane of elliptical and lenticular galaxies
• The Evolution of the Stellar Mass Functions of Star-Forming and Quiescent Galaxies to z = 4 from the COSMOS/UltraVISTA Survey
• Minor mergers and the size evolution of elliptical galaxies
• Modeling the Panchromatic Spectral Energy Distributions of Galaxies
• Theoretical Challenges in Galaxy Formation
• First Data Release of the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program
• The Sloan Lens ACS Survey. X. Stellar, Dynamical, and Total Mass Correlations of Massive Early-type Galaxies
• Second Data Release of the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program
• Improving galaxy morphologies for SDSS with Deep Learning
• The Size Evolution of High Redshift Galaxies
• The Fundamental Scaling Relations of Elliptical Galaxies
• The Sloan Lens ACS Survey. IX. Colors, Lensing and Stellar Masses of Early-type Galaxies
• How do minor mergers promote inside-out growth of ellipticals, transforming the size, density profile and dark matter fraction?
• A catalog of bulge, disk, and total stellar mass estimates for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• A standard stellar library for evolutionary synthesis. III. Metallicity calibration
• Stellar Kinematics of z~2 Galaxies and the Inside-Out Growth of Quiescent Galaxies
• Red Mergers and the Assembly of Massive Elliptical Galaxies: the Fundamental Plane and its Projections
• The Sloan Lens ACS Survey. VII. Elliptical Galaxy Scaling Laws from Direct Observational Mass Measurements
• The VLT LEGA-C Spectroscopic Survey: The Physics of Galaxies at a Lookback Time of 7 Gyr
• Galaxy merging, the Fundamental Plane of elliptical galaxies, and the Mbh-sigma relation
• Curvature in the scaling relations of early-type galaxies
• The luminosity and stellar mass Fundamental Plane of early-type galaxies
• The dominant role of mergers in the size evolution of massive early-type galaxies since z ~ 1
• Velocity Dispersions and Dynamical Masses for a Large Sample of Quiescent Galaxies at z > 1: Improved Measures of the Growth in Mass and Size
• Size and velocity-dispersion evolution of early-type galaxies in a Lambda cold dark matter universe
• Individual Stellar Halos of Massive Galaxies Measured to 100 kpc at $0.3<z<0.5$ using Hyper Suprime-Cam
• Can dry merging explain the size evolution of early-type galaxies?
• The Large Early Galaxy Astrophysics Census (LEGA-C) Data Release II: dynamical and stellar population properties of z ~< 1 galaxies in the COSMOS field
• Fast evolving size of early-type galaxies at z>2 and the role of dissipationless (dry) merging
• MOSFIRE Spectroscopy of Quiescent Galaxies at 1.5 < z < 2.5. I - Evolution of Structural and Dynamical Properties
• Correcting the z~8 Galaxy Luminosity Function for Gravitational Lensing Magnification Bias
• The Scaling of Stellar Mass and Central Stellar Velocity Dispersion for Quiescent galaxies at z < 0.7
• Spot the difference. Impact of different selection criteria on observed properties of passive galaxies in zCOSMOS 20-k sample
• SDSS-IV MaNGA: variation of the stellar initial mass function in spiral and early-type galaxies
• The importance of dry and wet merging on the formation and evolution of elliptical galaxies
• MOSFIRE Absorption Line Spectroscopy of z > 2 Quiescent Galaxies: Probing a Period of Rapid Size Growth
• Stellar Velocity Dispersion of a Massive Quenching Galaxy at z=4.01
• Tight Correlations Between Massive Galaxy Structural Properties and Dynamics: The Mass Fundamental Plane Was in Place by z~2
• Massive and Newly Dead: Discovery of a Significant Population of Galaxies with High Velocity Dispersions and Strong Balmer Lines at z~1.5 from Deep Keck Spectra and HST/WFC3 Imaging
• Dry mergers and the formation of early-type galaxies: constraints from lensing and dynamics
• SHELS: The Hectospec Lensing Survey
• hCOSMOS: a dense spectroscopic survey of $r⩽21.3$ galaxies in the COSMOS field
• Velocity Dispersion, Size, Sérsic Index and $D_{n}4000$: The Scaling of Stellar Mass with Dynamical Mass for Quiescent Galaxies
• Evidence for radial variations in the stellar mass-to-light ratio of massive galaxies from weak and strong lensing
• Galaxy properties as revealed by MaNGA. I. Constraints on Initial Mass Function and M${}_{\ast }$/L gradients in ellipticals
• One Plane for All: Massive Star-Forming and Quiescent Galaxies Lie on the Same Mass Fundamental Plane at z~0 and z~0.7
• Quiescent Galaxy Size and Spectroscopic Evolution: Combining HSC Imaging and Hectospec Spectroscopy
• $M_{\ast }/L$ gradients driven by IMF variation: Large impact on dynamical stellar mass estimates
• The imprint of dark matter haloes on the size and velocity dispersion evolution of early-type galaxies
• Ultramassive dense early-type galaxies: velocity dispersions and number density evolution since z=1.6
• The Stellar Mass Fundamental Plane and Compact Quiescent Galaxies at z < 0.6
• Dynamical masses and non-homology of massive elliptical galaxies grown by dry mergers
• An HSC view of the CMASS galaxy sample. Halo mass as a function of stellar mass, size and Sérsic index
• Lower mass normalization of the stellar initial mass function for dense massive early-type galaxies at z ~ 1.4
• The merger-driven evolution of massive early-type galaxies

Cited by in corpus (14)

• The Contribution of In-situ and Ex-situ Star Formation in Early-Type Galaxies: MaNGA versus IllustrisTNG
• Microlensing and the type Ia supernova iPTF16geu
• A model for galaxy-galaxy strong lensing statistics in surveys
• Globular Cluster Systems of Massive Compact Elliptical Galaxies in the Local Universe: Evidence for Relic Red Nuggets?
• The weak dependence of velocity dispersion on disk fractions, mass-to-light ratio and redshift: Implications for galaxy and black hole evolution
• Stellar velocity dispersion and initial mass function gradients in dissipationless galaxy mergers
• Evolution of massive quiescent galaxies via envelope accretion
• On the Origin of the Variety of Velocity Dispersion Profiles of Galaxies
• Galaxy-scale lens search in the PEARLS NEP TDF and CEERS JWST fields
• The clustering properties of high-redshift passive galaxies
• Velocity dispersion functions of pressure-supported galaxies in EAGLE simulations with varying active galactic nucleus feedback
• The merger-driven evolution of massive early-type galaxies
• Quiescent Galaxy Size, Velocity Dispersion, and Dynamical Mass Evolution
• The $10\mathrm{kpc}$ collar of early-type galaxies -- probing evolution by focusing on the inner stellar density profile