Super-Eddington accretion onto the Galactic ultraluminous X-ray pulsar Swift J0243.6+6124

Abstract

We report on the spectral behavior of the first Galactic ultraluminous X-ray pulsar Swift J0243.6+6124 with NuSTAR observations during its 2017-2018 outburst. At sub-Eddington levels, the source spectrum is characterized by three emission components, respectively from the accretion column, the hot spot, and a broad iron line emission region. When the source is above the Eddington limit, the hot spot temperature increases and the spectrum features two more blackbody components. One blackbody component has a radius of 10-20 km and is likely originated from the top of the accretion column. The other one saturates at a blackbody luminosity of (1 - 2)*10^38 erg/s, coincident with the Eddington limit of a neutron star. This is well consistent with the scenario that super-Eddington accretion onto compact objects will power optically-thick outflows and indicates an accretion rate 60-80 times the critical value. This suggests that super-Eddington accretion onto magnetized systems can also power massive winds. At super-Eddington levels, the iron line becomes more significant and blueshifted, and is argued to be associated with the ultrafast wind in the central funnel or jets. This source, if located in external galaxies, will appear like other ultraluminous pulsars.

arXiv comment6 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables, accepted by ApJ

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• The origin of pulsating ultra-luminous X-ray sources: Low- and intermediate-mass X-ray binaries containing neutron star accretors
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• Insight-HXMT observations of Swift J0243.6+6124 during its 2017-2018 outburst
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• Population synthesis of ultraluminous X-ray sources with magnetised neutron stars
• Radio monitoring of transient Be/X-ray binaries and the inflow-outflow coupling of strongly-magnetized accreting neutron stars
• Insight-HXMT observations of Swift J0243.6+6124: the evolution of RMS pulse fractions at super-Eddington luminosity
• ULX pulsar Swift J0243.6+6124 observations with NuSTAR -- dominance of reflected emission in the super-Eddington state
• Modeling of Thermal Emission from ULX Pulsar Swift J0243.6+6124 with General Relativistic Radiation MHD simulations
• Comparing the Super-Eddington accretion of SMC X-3 and RX J0209.6-7427 with Swift J0243.6+6124
• X-ray emission evolution of the Galactic ultra-luminous X-ray pulsar Swift J0243.6+6124 during the 2017-2018 outburst observed by the MAXI GSC
• Beam pattern evolution of accreting X-ray pulsar 1A 0535+262 during its 2020 giant outburst
• Exploring the nature of ultra-luminous X-ray sources across stellar population ages using detailed binary evolution calculations
• X-Ray Views of Galactic Accreting Pulsars in High-Mass X-Ray Binaries
• GR-RMHD Simulations of Super-Eddington Accretion Flows onto a Neutron Star with Dipole and Quadrupole Magnetic Fields
• Timing analysis of Swift J0243.6+6124 with NICER and Fermi/GBM during the decay phase of the 2017-2018 outburst
• NuSTAR and XMM-Newton observations of SXP 59 during its 2017 giant outburst
• X-raying the Birth of Binary Neutron Stars and Neutron Star-Black Hole Binaries
• Unveiling the origin of the optical/UV emission from the Galactic ULX Swift J0243.6+6124 during its 2017-2018 giant outburst
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• Monte-Carlo simulations on possible collimation effects of outflows to fan-beamed emission of ultraluminous accreting X-ray pulsars
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