KMTNet Nearby Galaxy Survey I. : Optimal strategy for low surface brightness imaging with KMTNet

Abstract

In hierarchical galaxy formation models, galaxies evolve through mergers and accretions. Tidally-disrupted debris from these processes can remain as diffuse, faint structures, which can provide useful insight into the assembly history of galaxies. To investigate the properties of the faint structures in outskirts of nearby galaxies, we conduct deep and wide-field imaging survey with KMTNet. We present our observing strategy and optimal data reduction process to recover the faint extended features in the imaging data of NGC 1291 taken with KMTNet. Through the dark sky flat-fielding and optimal sky subtraction, we can effectively remove inhomogeneous patterns. In the combined images, the peak-to-peak global sky gradients were reduced to less than $\sim 0.5$% and $\sim 0.3$% of the original $B$- and $R$-band sky levels, respectively. However, we find local spatial fluctuations in the background sky which can affect the precise measurement of the sky value. Consequently, we can reach the surface brightness of ${\mu }_{B,1\sigma }\sim$ 29.5 and ${\mu }_{R,1\sigma }\sim$ 28.5 mag arcsec${}^{-2}$ in azimuthally averaged one-dimensional surface brightness profiles, that is mainly limited by the uncertainty in the sky determination. These results suggest that the deep imaging data produced by KMTNet are suitable to study the faint features of nearby galaxies such as outer disks and dwarf companions, but unideal (not impossible) to detect stellar halos. The one-dimensional profile revealed that NGC 1291 appeared to have Type I disk out to $R$ $\sim$ 30 kpc with no obvious color gradient and excess light due to a stellar halo was undetected.

8 pages, 10 figures, accepted to AJ

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Cited by in corpus (6)

• Census and classification of low-surface-brightness structures in nearby early-type galaxies from the MATLAS survey
• KMTNet Nearby Galaxy Survey II. Searching for Dwarf Galaxies in Deep and Wide-field Images of the NGC 1291 system
• Performance Assessment of the KASI-Deep Rolling Imaging Fast-optics Telescope pathfinder
• KMTNet Nearby Galaxy Survey III. Deficient H$\alpha$ flux in the Extended Disks of Spiral Galaxies
• Age-Divided Mean Stellar Populations from Full Spectrum Fitting as the Simplified Star Formation and Chemical Evolution History of a Galaxy: Methodology and Reliability
• KMTNet Nearby Galaxy Survey: Overview and a Survey Description