The thermal proton yield anomaly in Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC and its resolution

Abstract

We propose a resolution of the discrepancy between the proton yield predicted by the statistical hadronization approach and data on hadron production in ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions at the LHC. Applying the S-matrix formulation of statistical mechanics to include pion-nucleon interactions, we reexamine their contribution to the proton yield, taking resonance widths and the presence of nonresonant correlations into account. The effect of multi-pion-nucleon interactions is estimated using lattice QCD results on the baryon-charge susceptibility. We show that a consistent implementation of these features in the statistical hadronization model, leads to a reduction of the predicted proton yield, which then quantitatively matches data of the ALICE collaboration for Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC.

7 pages, 3 figures, submitted to PLB

References in corpus (7)

• The order of the quantum chromodynamics transition predicted by the standard model of particle physics
• The equation of state in (2+1)-flavor QCD
• The QCD Equation of State to $\mathcal{O}({\mu }_B^6)$ from Lattice QCD
• Three-body Unitarity in the Finite Volume
• Centrality dependence of hadronization and chemical freeze-out conditions in heavy ion collisions at \sqrt s_{NN} = 2.76 TeV
• Finite resonance widths influence the thermal-model description of hadron yields
• S-matrix formulation of thermodynamics with N-body scatterings

Cited by in corpus (56)

• Production of charged pions, kaons and (anti-)protons in Pb-Pb and inelastic pp collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 5.02 TeV
• 50 Years of Quantum Chromodynamics
• The ALICE experiment: a journey through QCD
• Loosely-bound objects produced in nuclear collisions at the LHC
• Reaching percolation and conformal limits in neutron stars
• Theoretical and Experimental Constraints for the Equation of State of Dense and Hot Matter
• Second order cumulants of conserved charge fluctuations revisited I. Vanishing chemical potentials
• Probing $\Omega \Omega$ and $p\Omega$ dibaryons with femtoscopic correlations in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Global baryon number conservation encoded in net-proton fluctuations measured in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 2.76 TeV
• The multiple-charm hierarchy in the statistical hadronization model
• Proton number cumulants and correlation functions in Au-Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=7.7-200$ GeV from hydrodynamics
• A Comparison of p-p, p-Pb, Pb-Pb Collisions in the Thermal Model: Multiplicity Dependence of Thermal Parameters
• Multiplicity dependence of (multi-)strange baryons in the canonical ensemble with phase shift corrections
• Influence of hadronic resonances on the chemical freeze-out in heavy-ion collisions
• Accessing the strong interaction between $\Lambda$ baryons and charged kaons with the femtoscopy technique at the LHC
• Production of pions, kaons, (anti-)protons and $\varphi$ mesons in Xe-Xe collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.44$ TeV
• Flavour and Energy Dependence of Chemical Freeze-out Temperatures in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions from RHIC-BES to LHC Energies
• Energy dependence of light hypernuclei production in heavy-ion collisions from a coalescence and statistical-thermal model perspective
• The role of proton-antiproton regeneration in the late stages of heavy-ion collisions
• Constraining baryon annihilation in the hadronic phase of heavy-ion collisions via event-by-event fluctuations
• Ambiguities in the hadro-chemical freeze-out of Au+Au collisions at SIS18 energies and how to resolve them
• Testing the system size dependence of hydrodynamical expansion and thermal particle production with $\pi$, K, p, and $\varphi$ in Xe-Xe and Pb-Pb collisions with ALICE
• First measurement of antideuteron number fluctuations at energies available at the Large Hadron Collider
• The imprint of conservation laws on correlated particle production
• Light nuclei in the hadron resonance gas
• Deuteron yields from LHC: Continuum correlations and in-medium effects
• Thermal contribution of unstable states
• Fluid velocity from transverse momentum spectra
• Measurements of chemical potentials in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV
• Centrality dependence of proton and light nuclei yields as a consequence of baryon annihilation in the hadronic phase
• Light nuclei production in pp and pA collisions in the Baryon Canonical Ensemble
• Holographic vector meson melting in a thermal gravity-dilaton background related to QCD
• Density of States of a Coupled-Channel System
• Tripling Fluctuations and Peaked Sound Speed in Fermionic Matter
• Overview of fluctuation and correlation measurements
• Nonequilibrium pion distribution within the Zubarev approach
• Correlated pion-proton pair emission off hot and dense QCD matter
• Conformality and percolation threshold in neutron stars
• A three component model for hadron $p_{\mathrm{T}}$-spectra in pp and Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC
• Quantification of the low-$p_{\mathrm{T}}$ pion excess in heavy-ion collisions at the LHC and top RHIC energy
• Investigating the p-${\pi }^{\pm }$ and p-p-${\pi }^{\pm }$ dynamics with femtoscopy in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV
• Conserved charge fluctuations at vanishing net-baryon density from Lattice QCD
• Space-time structure of particle emission and femtoscopy scales in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Recent theoretical developments on QCD matter at finite temperature and density
• Thermal properties of hot and dense medium in interacting hadron resonance gas model
• Corrections to the hadron resonance gas from lattice QCD and their effect on fluctuation-ratios at finite density
• Influence of modified light-flavor hadron spectra on particle yields in the statistical hadronization model
• Resonance production in partial chemical equilibrium
• Rapidity dependence of antideuteron coalescence in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV with ALICE
• Investigating the cluster production mechanism with isospin triggering: Thermal models versus coalescence models
• Nonequilibrium Phenomenology of Identified Particle Spectra in Heavy-Ion Collisions at LHC Energies
• Chemical freeze-out parameters of net-kaons in heavy-ion collisions
• Hadron yields in central nucleus-nucleus collisions, the statistical hadronization model and the QCD phase diagram
• Exact strangeness conservation in heavy ion collisions
• A Data-Guided Coalescence Model for Light Nuclei and Hypernuclei Production in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=3$--200 GeV
• Renormalization-Group Invariant Parity-Doublet Model for Nuclear and Neutron-Star Matter