Nonlocality of Majorana Modes in Hybrid Nanowires

Abstract

Spatial separation of Majorana zero modes distinguishes trivial from topological midgap states and is key to topological protection in quantum computing applications. Although signatures of Majorana zero modes in tunneling spectroscopy have been reported in numerous studies, a quantitative measure of the degree of separation, or nonlocality, of the emergent zero modes has not been reported. Here, we present results of an experimental study of nonlocality of emergent zero modes in superconductor-semiconductor hybrid nanowire devices. The approach takes advantage of recent theory showing that nonlocality can be measured from splitting due to hybridization of the zero mode in resonance with a quantum dot state at one end of the nanowire. From these splittings as well as anticrossing of the dot states, measured for even and odd occupied quantum dot states, we extract both the degree of nonlocality of the emergent zero mode, as well as the spin canting angles of the nonlocal zero mode. Depending on the device measured, we obtain either a moderate degree of nonlocality, suggesting a partially separated Andreev subgap state, or a highly nonlocal state consistent with a well-developed Majorana mode.

arXiv commentAs published version

References in corpus (42)

• Non-Abelian Anyons and Topological Quantum Computation
• Superconducting proximity effect and Majorana fermions at the surface of a topological insulator
• Unpaired Majorana fermions in quantum wires
• Signatures of Majorana fermions in hybrid superconductor-semiconductor nanowire devices
• Majorana Fermions and a Topological Phase Transition in Semiconductor-Superconductor Heterostructures
• Paired states of fermions in two dimensions with breaking of parity and time-reversal symmetries, and the fractional quantum Hall effect
• Helical liquids and Majorana bound states in quantum wires
• Evidence of Majorana fermions in an Al - InAs nanowire topological superconductor
• Observation of Majorana Fermions in Ferromagnetic Atomic Chains on a Superconductor
• Observation of Majorana Fermions in a Nb-InSb Nanowire-Nb Hybrid Quantum Device
• Majorana Zero Modes and Topological Quantum Computation
• Exponential Protection of Zero Modes in Majorana Islands
• Majorana bound states in a coupled quantum-dot hybrid-nanowire system
• Realizing Majorana zero modes in superconductor-semiconductor heterostructures
• Superconductor-Nanowire Devices from Tunneling to the Multichannel Regime: Zero-Bias Oscillations and Magnetoconductance Crossover
• Spin-resolved Andreev levels and parity crossings in hybrid superconductor-semiconductor nanostructures
• Quantized Majorana conductance
• Epitaxy of Semiconductor-Superconductor nanowires
• Scaling of Majorana Zero-Bias Conductance Peaks
• Andreev bound states versus Majorana bound states in quantum dot-nanowire-superconductor hybrid structures: Trivial versus topological zero-bias conductance peaks
• Hard gap in epitaxial semiconductor-superconductor nanowires
• Revealing the electronic structure of a carbon nanotube carrying a supercurrent
• Zero-Energy Modes from Coalescing Andreev States in a Two-Dimensional Semiconductor-Superconductor Hybrid Platform
• Measuring Majorana non-locality and spin structure with a quantum dot
• Two terminal charge tunneling: Disentangling Majorana zero modes from partially separated Andreev bound states in semiconductor-superconductor heterostructures
• Majorana bound states in non-homogeneous semiconductor nanowires
• Experimental Phase Diagram of a One-Dimensional Topological Superconductor
• Tunneling Spectroscopy of Quasiparticle Bound States in a Spinful Josephson Junction
• Transport Through Andreev Bound States in a Graphene Quantum Dot
• Failure of protection of Majorana based qubits against decoherence
• Decay rates for topological memories encoded with Majorana fermions
• Metallization of Rashba wire by superconducting layer in the strong-proximity regime
• An experimentally accessible quality factor for Majorana wires
• Effective g-factor in Majorana Wires
• Parity independence of the zero-bias conductance peak in a nanowire based topological superconductor-quantum dot hybrid device
• Detecting Majoranas in 1D wires by charge sensing
• Distinguishing Majorana bound states from localized Andreev bound states by interferometry
• Zero-energy pinning from interactions in Majorana nanowires
• Topological Phase Detection in Rashba Nanowires with a Quantum Dot
• Approaching a topological phase transition in Majorana nanowires
• A proposal to probe quantum non-locality of Majorana fermions in tunneling experiments
• Detecting Majorana nonlocality using strongly coupled Majorana bound states

Cited by in corpus (157)

• From Andreev to Majorana bound states in hybrid superconductor-semiconductor nanowires
• Reproducing topological properties with quasi-Majorana states
• Spin-orbit splitting of Andreev states revealed by microwave spectroscopy
• Non-Majorana states yield nearly quantized conductance in superconductor-semiconductor nanowire devices
• Zero-energy Andreev bound states from quantum dots in proximitized Rashba nanowires
• Non-Hermitian topology: a unifying framework for the Andreev versus Majorana states controversy
• Supercurrent detection of topologically trivial zero-energy states in nanowire junctions
• Zero-field Topological Superconductivity in Ferromagnetic Hybrid Nanowires
• Majorana nanowires for topological quantum computation
• Out-of-Time-Ordered-Correlator Quasiprobabilities Robustly Witness Scrambling
• Nonlocal conductance spectroscopy of Andreev bound states: Symmetry relations and BCS charges
• Quantifying wave-function overlaps in inhomogeneous Majorana nanowires
• Odd-frequency superconducting pairing in one-dimensional systems
• Roadmap towards Majorana qubits and nonabelian physics in quantum dot-based minimal Kitaev chains
• Semiconductor - Ferromagnetic Insulator - Superconductor Nanowires: Stray Field and Exchange Field
• Theory of Majorana zero modes in unconventional superconductors
• Nonlocal Josephson effect in Andreev molecules
• Spin-dependent zero-bias peak in a hybrid nanowire-quantum dot system: Distinguishing isolated Majorana fermions from Andreev bound states
• Weak measurement protocols for Majorana bound state identification
• Detecting the universal fractional entropy of Majorana zero modes
• Coherent transport through a Majorana island in an Aharonov-Bohm interferometer
• Closing of the Induced Gap in a Hybrid Superconductor-Semiconductor Nanowire
• Majorana bound states in semiconducting nanostructures
• Distinguishing trivial and topological zero energy states in long nanowire junctions
• Odd-frequency superconducting pairing in junctions with Rashba spin-orbit coupling
• End-to-end correlated subgap states in hybrid nanowires
• Probing Majorana localization in minimal Kitaev chains through a quantum dot
• Braiding Majorana zero modes using quantum dots
• Topological superconductivity in planar Josephson junctions: Narrowing down to the nanowire limit
• Decays of Majorana or Andreev oscillations induced by steplike spin-orbit coupling
• Dephasing and leakage dynamics of noisy Majorana-based qubits: Topological versus Andreev
• Majorana oscillations modulated by Fano interference and dregree of non-locality in a topological superconducting nanowire-quantum dot system
• Numerical study of PbTe-Pb hybrid nanowires for engineering Majorana zero modes
• Majorana-Kondo interplay in T-shaped double quantum dots
• Linear and non-linear transport across a finite Kitaev chain: an exact analytical study
• Majorana Braiding in Realistic Nanowire Y-Junctions and Tuning Forks
• Enhanced topological superconductivity in spatially modulated planar Josephson junctions
• Dispersive readout of Majorana qubits
• Distinguishing Majorana Zero Modes from Impurity States through Time-Resolved Transport
• Majorana/Andreev crossover and the fate of the topological phase transition in inhomogeneous nanowires
• Full proximity treatment of topological superconductors in Josephson-junction architectures
• Recent progress on Majorana in semiconductor-superconductor heterostructures--Engineering and detection
• Manipulating Majorana zero modes in double quantum dots
• Entangling Spins in Double Quantum Dots and Majorana Bound States
• Exact ground states for interacting Kitaev chains
• Robustness of the Kondo effect in a quantum dot coupled to Majorana zero modes
• Dynamic Majorana resonances and universal symmetry of nonequilibrium thermoelectric quantum noise
• Enhancement of the thermoelectric effect due to the Majorana zero modes coupled to one quantum-dot system
• Odd-frequency superconducting pairing in Kitaev-based junctions
• Pinning of Andreev bound states to zero energy in two-dimensional superconductor-semiconductor Rashba heterostructures
• Finite length effect on supercurrents between trivial and topological superconductors
• Four-Majorana qubit with charge readout: dynamics and decoherence
• Majorana mode leaking into a spin-charge entangled double quantum dot
• Interaction induced hybridization of Majorana zero-modes in a coupled quantum-dot hybrid-nanowire system
• $AbInitio$ Simulation of Non-Abelian Braiding Statistics in Topological Superconductors
• Effects of the electrostatic environment on superlattice Majorana nanowires
• Fusion rules in a Majorana single-charge transistor
• Topological superconductivity in tripartite superconductor-ferromagnet-semiconductor nanowires
• Majorana Qubit Readout Using Longitudinal Qubit-Resonator Interaction
• Majorana bound states in a superconducting Rashba nanowire in the presence of antiferromagnetic order
• Absence of supercurrent sign reversal in a topological junction with a quantum dot
• Transport signatures of Majorana bound states in superconducting hybrid structures
• Revisit the non-locality of Majorana zero modes and teleportation: Bogoliubov-de Gennes equation based treatment
• Readout of parafermionic states by transport measurements
• Quantum transport through a quantum dot side-coupled to a Majorana bound state pair in the presence of electron-phonon interaction
• Majorana zero modes in gate-defined germanium hole nanowires
• Majorana molecules and their spectral fingerprints
• Majorana quasiparticles in atomic spin chains on superconductors
• Effects of decoherence on diabatic errors in Majorana braiding
• Highly symmetric and tunable tunnel couplings in InAs/InP nanowire heterostructure quantum dots
• Majorana differential shot noise and its universal thermoelectric crossover
• Experimental review on Majorana zero-modes in hybrid nanowires
• Leakage of Majorana mode into correlated quantum dot nearby its singlet-doublet crossover
• Signatures of the Majorana spin in electrical transport through a Majorana nanowire
• Role of dephasing on the conductance signatures of Majorana zero modes
• Optimizing the transport of Majorana zero modes in one-dimensional topological superconductors
• Demonstrating Majorana non-Abelian properties using fast adiabatic charge-transfer
• Accessing the degree of Majorana nonlocality in a quantum dot-optical microcavity system
• Entanglement measures of Majorana bound states
• Detecting Majorana modes by readout of poisoning-induced parity flips
• Charge-neutral nonlocal response in superconductor-InAs nanowire hybrid devices
• Dynamical leakage of Majorana mode into side-attached quantum dot
• Conductance asymmetries in mesoscopic superconducting devices due to finite bias
• Topological isoconductance signatures in Majorana nanowires
• Dual Majorana universality in thermally induced nonequilibrium
• Majorana bound state in the continuum: Coupling between Majorana bound state and quantum dot mediated by continuum
• Topological superconductivity in Fibonacci quasicrystals
• Influence of long-range interaction on Majorana zero modes
• Magnetically-Confined Bound States in Rashba Systems
• Majorana phase-gate based on the geometric phase
• Electrostatical formation of the Majorana quasiparticles in the quantum dot--nanoring structure
• Aharonov-Bohm interference as a probe of Majorana fermions
• Spin-resolved spectroscopy using a quantum dot defined in InAs 2DEG
• Reshaping the Jaynes-Cummings ladder with Majorana bound states
• The influence of the Majorana non-locality on the supercurrent
• Braiding and all quantum operations with Majorana modes in 1D
• Role of Bath-Induced Many-Body Interactions in the Dissipative Phases of the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger Model
• Multi-level effects in quantum-dot based parity-to-charge conversion of Majorana box qubits
• Reveal the non-local coherent nature from a dissipative Majorana teleportation
• Delocalisation of Majorana quasiparticles in plaquette--nanowire hybrid system
• Clock model and parafermions in Rashba nanowires
• Master equation approach for transport through Majorana zero modes
• Electron-boson-interaction induced particle-hole symmetry breaking of conductance into subgap states in superconductors
• Transport signatures of topological phases in double nanowires probed by spin-polarized STM
• Transport features of a topological superconducting nanowire with a quantum dot: conductance and noise
• Germanium-based hybrid semiconductor-superconductor topological quantum computing platforms: Disorder effects
• Interaction-induced strong zero modes in short quantum dot chains with time-reversal symmetry
• Absence of Majorana oscillations in finite-length full-shell hybrid nanowires
• Anomalous photon-assisted tunneling in periodically driven Majorana nanowires and BCS Charge Measurement
• Nonequilibrium finite frequency resonances in differential quantum noise driven by Majorana interference
• Phonon-Assisted Tunneling through Quantum Dot Systems Connected to Majorana Bound States
• Majorana-Kondo competition in a cross-shaped double quantum dot-topological superconductor system
• Concomitant opening of a topological bulk-gap with an emerging Majorana edge-state
• Dynamical approach to improving Majorana qubits and distinguishing them from trivial bound states
• Dephasing of Majorana qubits due to quasistatic disorder
• Subgap states in semiconductor-superconductor devices for quantum technologies: Andreev qubits and minimal Majorana chains
• Transient effects in quantum dots contacted via topological superconductor
• Majorana Zero Modes in Cylindrical Semiconductor Quantum Wire
• Disorder effects in planar semiconductor-superconductor structures: Majorana wires versus Josephson junctions
• Topological phase transition driven by magnetic field in one-dimensional topological superconductor rings
• A new twist on the Majorana surface code: Bosonic and fermionic defects for fault-tolerant quantum computation
• Nonlocal correlations transmitted between quantum dots via short topological superconductor
• Photonic cross-noise spectroscopy of Majorana bound states
• Probing Majorana bound states via a pn-junction containing a quantum dot
• Braiding Induced by Finite-Size Effect in One-Dimensional Topological Superconductors
• Quantum transport theory of hybrid superconducting systems
• Coherent Epitaxial Semiconductor-Ferromagnetic Insulator InAs/EuS Interfaces: Band Alignment and Magnetic Structure
• 4$\pi$ and 8$\pi$ dual Josephson effects induced by symmetry defects
• Distinguishing Majorana bound states from Andreev bound states through differential conductance and current noise spectrum
• Fingerprints of Majorana bound states in quantum-rings
• Exploring the energy spectrum of a four-terminal Josephson junction: Towards topological Andreev band structures
• Majorana bound states and zero-bias conductance peaks in superconductor/semiconductor nanowire devices
• Fractionalization of Majorana-Ising-type quasiparticles
• Gate-tunable negative differential conductance in hybrid semiconductor-superconductor devices
• Double-dot interferometer for quantum measurement of Majorana qubits and stabilizers
• Quantum transport in an ambipolar InSb nanowire quantum dot device
• Thermoelectric fluctuations of interfering Majorana bound states
• Shuttling Majorana zero modes in disordered and noisy topological superconductors
• Majorana Bound States hallmark in a quantum topological interferometer ring
• A unified numerical approach to semiconductor-superconductor heterostructures
• Effect of interatomic repulsion on Majorana zero modes in a coupled quantum-dot-superconducting-nanowire hybrid system
• Dynamics of quantum resources in regular and Majorana fermion systems
• Planar Josephson junction devices with narrow superconducting strips: Topological properties and optimization
• Cross correlation mediated by distant Majorana zero modes with no overlap
• Quantum dot detects Majorana modes of both chiralities
• Auto- and cross-correlations in the spinful topological Kondo model
• Exponential suppression of the topological gap in self-consistent intrinsic Majorana nanowires
• Revisiting the Poor Man's Majoranas: The Spin-Exchange Induced Spillover Effect
• Intrinsic emergence of Majorana modes in Luttinger j=3/2 systems
• Interplay of correlations and Majorana mode from local solution perspective
• Odd-frequency Pairing in Josephson Junctions Coupled by Magnetic Textures
• Nonlocal signatures of hybridization between quantum dot and Andreev bound states
• Majorana Conductances in Three-Terminal Transports
• Revealing universal Majorana fractionalization using differential shot noise and conductance in nonequilibrium states controlled by tunneling phases
• Josephson and persistent currents in a quantum ring between topological superconductors
• Majorana bound states in the presence of the half-smeared potential
• Identification of the Majorana edge modes in tight-binding systems based on the Krylov method