Dynamic Majorana resonances and universal symmetry of nonequilibrium thermoelectric quantum noise

Abstract

Nonequilibrium states of a nanoscopic system may be achieved by both applying a bias voltage $V$ to its contacts and producing a difference $\Delta T$ in their temperatures. Then the total current results from two competing flows, induced by $V$ and $\Delta T$, respectively. Here we explore finite frequency quantum noise of this thermoelectric current flowing through a quantum dot whose low-energy dynamics is governed by Majorana degrees of freedom. We demonstrate that at finite frequency $\omega$ Majorana zero modes induce a perfect universal symmetry between photon emission and absorption spectra and produce universal thermoelectric resonances in their frequency dependence in contrast to non-Majorana quantum noise which is either asymmetric or non-universal. In particular, at low temperatures the differential thermoelectric quantum noise induced by Majorana zero modes shows resonances with a nontrivial maximum $\frac{e^3}{h}\log (2^{1/4})$ at $\omega =\mp \frac{|eV|}{\hslash }$ when $k_{\text{B}}\Delta T\ll |eV|$. Our results challenge cutting-edge experiments using quantum noise detectors to reveal the universal spectral symmetry and resonant structure of the Majorana thermoelectric finite frequency quantum noise.

7 pages, 6 figures

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• Majorana ensembles with fractional entropy and conductance in nanoscopic systems
• Majorana differential shot noise and its universal thermoelectric crossover
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• Calculations of in-gap states of ferromagnetic spin chains on \textit{s}-wave wide-band superconductors
• Nonequilibrium finite frequency resonances in differential quantum noise driven by Majorana interference
• Thermoelectric fluctuations of interfering Majorana bound states
• Electrical, thermal and thermoelectric transport in open long-range Kitaev chain
• Transport in extended Kitaev chain with time reversal symmetry breaking and long-range interaction
• Fluctuation response of a minimal Kitaev chain in nonequilibrium states
• Revealing universal Majorana fractionalization using differential shot noise and conductance in nonequilibrium states controlled by tunneling phases