Elemental Abundances of Kepler Objects of Interest in APOGEE. I. Two Distinct Orbital Period Regimes Inferred from Host Star Iron Abundances

Abstract

The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) has observed $\sim$600 transiting exoplanets and exoplanet candidates from \textit{Kepler} (Kepler Objects of Interest, KOIs), most with $\ge$18 epochs. The combined multi-epoch spectra are of high signal-to-noise (typically $\ge$100) and yield precise stellar parameters and chemical abundances. We first confirm the ability of the APOGEE abundance pipeline, ASPCAP, to derive reliable [Fe/H] and effective temperatures for FGK dwarf stars -- the primary \textit{Kepler} host stellar type -- by comparing the ASPCAP-derived stellar parameters to those from independent high-resolution spectroscopic characterizations for 221 dwarf stars in the literature. With a sample of 282 close-in ($P<100$ days) KOIs observed in the APOGEE KOI goal program, we find a correlation between orbital period and host star [Fe/H] characterized by a critical period, $P_{\mathrm{crit}}$= $8.3_{-4.1}^{+0.1}$ days, below which small exoplanets orbit statistically more metal-enriched host stars. This effect may trace a metallicity dependence of the protoplanetary disk inner-radius at the time of planet formation or may be a result of rocky planet ingestion driven by inward planetary migration. We also consider that this may trace a metallicity dependence of the dust sublimation radius, but find no statistically significant correlation with host $T_{\mathrm{eff}}$ and orbital period to support such a claim.

arXiv comment18 Pages, Accepted to AJ

References in corpus (83)

• A grid of MARCS model atmospheres for late-type stars I. Methods and general properties
• The 2.5 m Telescope of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• SDSS-III: Massive Spectroscopic Surveys of the Distant Universe, the Milky Way Galaxy, and Extra-Solar Planetary Systems
• The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE)
• Kepler Mission Design, Realized Photometric Performance, and Early Science
• Planet Occurrence within 0.25 AU of Solar-type Stars from Kepler
• Spectroscopic [Fe/H] for 98 extra-solar planet-host stars: Exploring the probability of planet formation
• Kepler Input Catalog: Photometric Calibration and Stellar Classification
• Prevalence of Earth-size planets orbiting Sun-like stars
• Kepler planets: a tale of evaporation
• The evaporation valley in the Kepler planets
• ASPCAP: The Apogee Stellar Parameter and Chemical Abundances Pipeline
• The Occurrence Rate of Small Planets around Small Stars
• Spectroscopic parameters for 451 stars in the HARPS GTO planet search program. Stellar [Fe/H] and the frequency of exo-Neptunes
• Chemical abundances of 1111 FGK stars from the HARPS GTO planet search program.Galactic stellar populations and planets
• The formation and retention of gas giant planets around stars with a range of metallicities
• The Role of Core Mass in Controlling Evaporation: the Kepler Radius Distribution and the Kepler-36 Density Dichotomy
• Planet formation around stars of various masses: The snow line and the frequency of giant planets
• The peculiar solar composition and its possible relation to planet formation
• The Data Reduction Pipeline for the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment
• A Spectroscopic Study of the Ancient Milky Way: F- and G-Type Stars in the Third Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• Abundances, Stellar Parameters, and Spectra From the SDSS-III/APOGEE Survey
• Target Selection for the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE)
• Extrasolar planet population synthesis IV. Correlations with disk metallicity, mass and lifetime
• Terrestrial Planet Occurrence Rates for the Kepler GK Dwarf Sample
• Spectral Properties of Cool Stars: Extended Abundance Analysis of 1617 Planet Search Stars
• Three regimes of extrasolar planets inferred from host star metallicities
• Fundamental Properties of Kepler Planet-Candidate Host Stars using Asteroseismology
• A new code for automatic determination of equivalent widths: Automatic Routine for line Equivalent widths in stellar Spectra (ARES)
• A stellar-mass-dependent drop in planet occurrence rates
• Characterization of exoplanets from their formation II: The planetary mass-radius relationship
• Planetary Candidates Observed by Kepler VI: Planet Sample from Q1-Q16 (47 Months)
• Exploring Exoplanet Populations with NASA's Kepler Mission
• Unveiling the Inner Disk Structure of T Tauri Stars
• Stellar Rotation Periods of the Kepler Objects of Interest: A Dearth of Close-in Planets around Fast Rotators
• Accurate fundamental parameters for 23 bright solar-type stars
• Giant planets orbiting metal-rich stars show signatures of planet-planet interactions
• Accurate parameters of 93 solar-type Kepler targets
• Stellar Parameters and Metallicities of Stars Hosting Jovian and Neptunian Mass Planets: A Possible Dependence of Planetary Mass on Metallicity
• Revealing A Universal Planet-Metallicity Correlation For Planets of Different Sizes Around Solar-Type Stars
• Emerging Trends in a Period-Radius Distribution of Close-in Planets
• Rotation Periods, Variability Properties and Ages for Kepler Exoplanet Candidate Host Stars
• The thermal structure and the location of the snow line in the protosolar nebula: axisymmetric models with full 3-D radiative transfer
• The SDSS-III APOGEE Spectral Line List for H-band Spectroscopy
• A Statistical Reconstruction of the Planet Population Around Kepler Solar-Type Stars
• Extrasolar planet population synthesis III. Formation of planets around stars of different masses
• On the Evolution of the Snow Line in Protoplanetary Discs
• Observations of T Tauri Disks at Sub-AU Radii: Implications for Magnetospheric Accretion and Planet Formation
• Carbon and oxygen abundances in stellar populations
• Ground-based CCD astrometry with wide field imagers. II. A star catalogue for M67: [email protected] MPG/ESO astrometry, FLAMES@VLT radial velocities
• Metallicity, planet formation, and disc lifetimes
• The Metallicities of Stars With and Without Transiting Planets
• Period ratios in multi-planetary systems discovered by Kepler are consistent with planet migration
• On the formation time scale and core masses of gas giant planets
• Abundance Analysis of Planetary Host Stars I. Differential Iron Abundances
• A Metallicity Recipe for Rocky Planets
• Spectroscopy of Faint Kepler Mission Exoplanet Candidate Host Stars
• On the Metallicities of Kepler Stars
• Orbital and physical properties of planets and their hosts: new insights on planet formation and evolution
• A Super-Solar Metallicity For Stars With Hot Rocky Exoplanets
• The Lifetime of Protoplanetary Disks in a Low-Metallicity Environment
• A possible signature of terrestrial planet formation in the chemical composition of solar analogs
• The HARPS search for southern extrasolar planets XXV. Results from the metal-poor sample
• The chemical compositions of solar twins in the open cluster M67
• A high precision chemical abundance analysis of the HAT-P-1 stellar binary: constraints on planet formation
• Chemical signatures of planets: beyond solar-twins
• The inner radius of T Tauri disks estimated from near-infrared interferometry: the importance of scattered light
• Kepler Exoplanet Candidate Host Stars are Preferentially Metal Rich
• Objects in Kepler's Mirror May be Larger Than They Appear: Bias and Selection Effects in Transiting Planet Surveys
• The Curious Case of Elemental Abundance Differences in the Dual Hot Jupiter Hosts WASP-94AB
• Short Lifetime of Protoplanetary Disks in Low-metallicity Environments
• Abundance Differences Between Exoplanet Binary Host Stars XO-2N and XO-2S -- Dependence on Stellar Parameters
• Companions to APOGEE Stars I: A Milky Way-Spanning Catalog of Stellar and Substellar Companion Candidates and their Diverse Hosts
• Detailed Abundances of Planet-Hosting Wide Binaries. I. Did Planet Formation Imprint Chemical Signatures in the Atmospheres of HD 20782/81?
• Chemical Abundances of M-dwarfs from the APOGEE Survey. I. The Exoplanet Hosting Stars Kepler-138 and Kepler-186
• Detailed Abundances of Stars with Small Planets Discovered by Kepler I: The First Sample
• Halting Planet Migration in the Evacuated Centers of Protoplanetary Disks
• A Continuum of Planet Formation Between 1 and 4 Earth Radii
• The Magellan PFS Planet Search Program: Radial Velocity and Stellar Abundance Analyses of the 360 AU, Metal-Poor Binary "Twins" HD 133131A & B
• Stars Don't Eat Their Young Migrating Planets - Empirical Constraints On Planet Migration Halting Mechanisms
• Cosmic variance in [O/Fe] in the Galactic disk
• Kepler-11 is a Solar Twin: Revising the Masses and Radii of Benchmark Planets Via Precise Stellar Characterization
• The APOGEE Spectroscopic Survey of Kepler Planet Hosts: Feasibility, Efficiency, and First Results

Cited by in corpus (35)

• APOGEE Data Releases 13 and 14: Stellar Parameter and Abundance Comparisons With Independent Analyses
• Kepler-78 and the Ultra-Short-Period Planets
• SWEET-Cat 2.0: The Cat just got SWEETer; Higher quality spectra and precise parallaxes from GAIA eDR3
• Final Targeting Strategy for the SDSS-IV APOGEE-2N Survey
• SWEET-Cat updated. New homogenous spectroscopic parameters
• Exoplanets around Low-mass Stars Unveiled by K2
• Larger mutual inclinations for the shortest-period planets
• Properties and occurrence rates of $Kepler$ exoplanet candidates as a function of host star metallicity from the DR25 catalog
• Creating the Radius Gap without Mass Loss
• Do Metal-Rich Stars Make Metal-Rich Planets? New Insights on Giant Planet Formation from Host Star Abundances
• Connecting substellar and stellar formation. The role of the host star's metallicity
• Influence of Stellar Metallicity on Occurrence Rates of Planets and Planetary Systems
• Exploring the link between star and planet formation with Ariel
• Stellar Photospheric Abundances as a Probe of Disks and Planets
• How the origin of stars in the Galaxy impacts the composition of planetary building blocks
• Elemental Abundances of the Super-Neptune WASP-107b's Host Star Using High-resolution, Near-infrared Spectroscopy
• The homogeneous characterisation of Ariel host stars
• The Influence of 10 Unique Chemical Elements in Shaping the Distribution of Kepler Planets
• Planet occurrence rate density models including stellar effective temperature
• The chemical composition of planet building blocks as predicted by stellar population synthesis
• A Spectroscopic Analysis of the California-Kepler Survey Sample: II. Correlations of Stellar Metallicities with Planetary Architectures
• TOI-150: A transiting hot Jupiter in the TESS southern CVZ
• Hot planets around cool stars -- two short-period mini-Neptunes transiting the late K-dwarf TOI-1260
• Exoplanets Across Galactic Stellar Populations with PLATO: Estimating Exoplanet Yields Around FGK Stars for the Thin Disk, Thick Disk and Stellar Halo
• On the orbital decay of the gas giant Kepler-1658b
• Radial velocities in the outermost disk toward the anticenter
• A High-Resolution Spectroscopic Survey of Directly Imaged Companion Hosts: I. Determination of diagnostic stellar abundances for planet formation and composition
• The SDSS-HET Survey of Kepler Eclipsing Binaries. Description of the Survey and First Results
• Determination of stellar parameters for Ariel targets: a comparison analysis between different spectroscopic methods
• Searching For Transiting Planets Around Halo Stars. I. Sample Selection and Validation
• Planet Occurrence: Doppler and Transit Surveys
• A Spectroscopic Analysis of a Sample of K2 Planet-Host Stars: Stellar Parameters, Metallicities and Planetary Radii
• A comprehensive study of the relations between the properties of planetary systems and the chemical compositions of their host stars
• Characterization of low-mass companions to $\text{Kepler}$ objects of interest observed with APOGEE-N
• Elemental Abundances of Kepler Objects of Interest in APOGEE DR17