MultiDark-Galaxies: data release and first results

Abstract

We present the public release of the MultiDark-Galaxies: three distinct galaxy catalogues derived from one of the Planck cosmology MultiDark simulations (i.e. MDPL2, with a volume of (1 Gpc/$h$)${}^3$ and mass resolution of $1.5\times 10^9{M}_{\odot }/h$) by applying the semi-analytic models GALACTICUS, SAG, and SAGE to it. We compare the three models and their conformity with observational data for a selection of fundamental properties of galaxies like stellar mass function, star formation rate, cold gas fractions, and metallicities - noting that they sometimes perform differently reflecting model designs and calibrations. We have further selected galaxy subsamples of the catalogues by number densities in stellar mass, cold gas mass, and star formation rate in order to study the clustering statistics of galaxies. We show that despite different treatment of orphan galaxies, i.e. galaxies that lost their dark-matter host halo due to the finite mass resolution of the N-body simulation or tidal stripping, the clustering signal is comparable, and reproduces the observations in all three models - in particular when selecting samples based upon stellar mass. Our catalogues provide a powerful tool to study galaxy formation within a volume comparable to those probed by on-going and future photometric and redshift surveys. All model data consisting of a range of galaxy properties - including broad-band SDSS magnitudes - are publicly available.

29 pages, 16 figures, 8 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS. All data incl. the complete galaxy catalogues for all models are publicly available from the CosmoSim database (http://www.cosmosim.org); a selected set of galaxy properties is available via the Skies & Universes website (http://www.skiesanduniverses.org)

References in corpus (131)

• Stellar population synthesis at the resolution of 2003
• The chemical composition of the Sun
• Galactic Stellar and Substellar Initial Mass Function
• On the variation of the Initial Mass Function
• Coevolution (Or Not) of Supermassive Black Holes and Host Galaxies
• Cosmic Star Formation History
• The many lives of active galactic nuclei: cooling flows, black holes and the luminosities and colours of galaxies
• The EAGLE project: Simulating the evolution and assembly of galaxies and their environments
• The Origin of the Mass--Metallicity Relation: Insights from 53,000 Star-Forming Galaxies in the SDSS
• Populating a cluster of galaxies - I. Results at z=0
• The 6dF Galaxy Survey: Baryon Acoustic Oscillations and the Local Hubble Constant
• The broken hierarchy of galaxy formation
• Statistical Properties of X-ray Clusters: Analytic and Numerical Comparisons
• The Average Star Formation Histories of Galaxies in Dark Matter Halos from z=0-8
• The Formation of Galactic Disks
• High Redshift Galaxies in the Hubble Deep Field. Color Selection and Star Formation History to z=4
• Spectroscopic Target Selection in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: The Main Galaxy Sample
• The propagation of uncertainties in stellar population synthesis modeling I: The relevance of uncertain aspects of stellar evolution and the IMF to the derived physical properties of galaxies
• On the Black Hole Mass - Bulge Mass Relation
• New Insight on Galaxy Formation and Evolution from Keck Spectroscopy of the Hawaii Deep Fields
• Color Separation of Galaxy Types in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Imaging Data
• Galaxies on FIRE (Feedback In Realistic Environments): Stellar Feedback Explains Cosmologically Inefficient Star Formation
• The Rockstar Phase-Space Temporal Halo Finder and the Velocity Offsets of Cluster Cores
• Physical Models of Galaxy Formation in a Cosmological Framework
• Nucleosynthesis in Chandrasekhar Mass Models for Type Ia Supernovae and Constraints on Progenitor Systems and Burning-Front Propagation
• Properties of galaxies reproduced by a hydrodynamic simulation
• Revisiting the Scaling Relations of Black Hole Masses and Host Galaxy Properties
• From dwarf spheroidals to cDs: Simulating the galaxy population in a LCDM cosmology
• GOODS-Herschel: an infrared main sequence for star-forming galaxies
• The CANADA-FRANCE REDSHIFT SURVEY XIII: The luminosity density and star-formation history of the Universe to z ~ 1
• A fundamental relation between mass, SFR and metallicity in local and high redshift galaxies
• At the heart of the matter: the origin of bulgeless dwarf galaxies and Dark Matter cores
• The 'Forbidden' Abundance of Oxygen in the Sun
• A Comprehensive Analysis of Uncertainties Affecting the Stellar Mass - Halo Mass Relation for 0<z<4
• MultiDark simulations: the story of dark matter halo concentrations and density profiles
• Clustering of Galaxies in a Hierarchical Universe: I. Methods and Results at z=0
• The 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey: Near Infrared Galaxy Luminosity Functions
• Response of dark matter halos to condensation of baryons: cosmological simulations and improved adiabatic contraction model
• Theoretical Models of the Halo Occupation Distribution: Separating Central and Satellite Galaxies
• Galactic chemical evolution: Carbon through Zinc
• Dancing in the dark: galactic properties trace spin swings along the cosmic web
• The Dust Opacity of Star-Forming Galaxies
• Galaxy Clustering in the Completed SDSS Redshift Survey: The Dependence on Color and Luminosity
• Updated stellar yields from Asymptotic Giant Branch models
• Properties of Galaxy Groups in the SDSS: I.-- The Dependence of Colour, Star Formation, and Morphology on Halo Mass
• Galaxy formation in the Planck Cosmology - I. Matching the observed evolution of star formation rates, colours and stellar masses
• The Nature of High-Redshift Galaxies
• Gusty, gaseous flows of FIRE: galactic winds in cosmological simulations with explicit stellar feedback
• Gravitationally Consistent Halo Catalogs and Merger Trees for Precision Cosmology
• The APOSTLE simulations: solutions to the Local Group's cosmic puzzles
• Updated Atomic Data and Calculations for X-ray Spectroscopy
• The Auriga Project: the properties and formation mechanisms of disc galaxies across cosmic time
• On the evolution of star forming galaxies
• PRIMUS: Constraints on Star Formation Quenching and Galaxy Merging, and the Evolution of the Stellar Mass Function From z=0-1
• Galaxy Pairs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey I: Star Formation, AGN Fraction, and the Luminosity/Mass-Metallicity Relation
• A primer on hierarchical galaxy formation: the semi-analytical approach
• Forming Realistic Late-Type Spirals in a LCDM Universe: The Eris Simulation
• The Nature of Galaxy Bias and Clustering
• Structure and star formation in galaxies out to z=3: evidence for surface density dependent evolution and upsizing
• The 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey: The b_J-band galaxy luminosity function and survey selection function
• The 2013 Release of Cloudy
• The Star Formation Law in Atomic and Molecular Gas
• A unified multi-wavelength model of galaxy formation
• Dynamical Friction and Galaxy Merging Timescales
• NIHAO project I: Reproducing the inefficiency of galaxy formation across cosmic time with a large sample of cosmological hydrodynamical simulations
• The Halo Occupation Distribution and the Physics of Galaxy Formation
• The distribution of stellar mass in the low-redshift Universe
• Chemical enrichment of the intra-cluster and intergalactic medium in a hierarchical galaxy formation model
• Ram pressure stripping the hot gaseous halos of galaxies in groups and clusters
• The Many Manifestations of Downsizing: Hierarchical Galaxy Formation Models confront Observations
• Galacticus: A Semi-Analytic Model of Galaxy Formation
• Galaxy Formation Theory
• The MassiveBlack-II Simulation: The Evolution of Halos and Galaxies to z~0
• The Association of Jet Production with Geometrically Thick Accretion Flows and Black Hole Rotation
• Galaxy formation in WMAP1 and WMAP7 cosmologies
• The Current Status of Galaxy Formation
• Clustering of Galaxies in a Hierarchical Universe: II. Evolution to High Redshift
• Semi-Analytic Galaxy Evolution (SAGE): Model Calibration and Basic Results
• Natural Downsizing in Hierarchical Galaxy Formation
• Analytical approximations of K-corrections in optical and near-infrared bands
• The relation between metallicity, stellar mass and star formation in galaxies: an analysis of observational and model data
• Simulations of the galaxy population constrained by observations from z=3 to the present day: implications for galactic winds and the fate of their ejecta
• Constraints on star-formation driven galaxy winds from the mass-metallicity relation at z=0
• The clustering of galaxies in the SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: Modeling the clustering and halo occupation distribution of BOSS-CMASS galaxies in the Final Data Release
• Disk galaxies at Z=0 and at High Redshift: an explanation of the observed evolution of damped Ly-alpha systems
• SDSSJ150634.27+013331.6: the second compact elliptical galaxy in the NGC5846 group
• The pseudo-evolution of halo mass
• A universal ultraviolet-optical colour-colour-magnitude relation of galaxies
• The Tully-Fisher Relation and Its Residuals for a Broadly Selected Sample of Galaxies
• Cold gas properties of the Herschel Reference Survey. II. Molecular and total gas scaling relations
• Structure Finding in Cosmological Simulations: The State of Affairs
• Galaxy assembly, stellar feedback and metal enrichment: the view from the GAEA model
• A new model of galaxy formation: How sensitive are predicted galaxy luminosities to the choice of SPS model?
• The MultiDark Database: Release of the Bolshoi and MultiDark Cosmological Simulations
• The SDSS DR6 Luminosity Functions of Galaxies
• Effects of AGN feedback on LCDM galaxies
• The local space density of Sb-Sdm galaxies as function of their scalesize, surface brightness and luminosity
• The Supermassive Black Hole Mass - Spheroid Stellar Mass Relation for Sérsic and Core-Sérsic Galaxies
• A First Attempt to Calibrate the Baryonic Tully-Fisher Relation with Gas Dominated Galaxies
• Star formation and chemical evolution in SPH simulations: a statistical approach
• Yields of rotating stars at solar metallicity
• Modelling Element Abundances in Semi-analytic Models of Galaxy Formation
• A Comparison between Semi-Analytic Model Predictions for the CANDELS Survey
• Metal Enrichment of the ICM: a 3-D Picture of Chemical and Dynamical Properties
• Building disc structure and galaxy properties through angular momentum: The DARK SAGE semi-analytic model
• Galaxies in the EAGLE hydrodynamical simulation and in the Durham and Munich semi-analytical models
• An Atlas of Monte Carlo Models of Dust Extinction in Galaxies for Cosmological Applications
• Which galaxies dominate the neutral gas content of the Universe?
• Chemo-Archaeological Downsizing in a Hierarchical Universe: Impact of a Top Heavy IGIMF
• Monte Carlo Markov Chain Parameter Estimation in Semi-Analytic Models of Galaxy Formation
• Ram pressure stripping in a galaxy formation model. I. A novel numerical approach
• Major Mergers Going Notts: Challenges for Modern Halo Finders
• The nebular emission of star-forming galaxies in a hierarchical universe
• Clustering properties of $g$-selected galaxies at $z\sim 0.8$
• Maximum Spin of Black Holes Driving Jets
• The WiggleZ Dark Energy Survey: measuring the cosmic growth rate with the two-point galaxy correlation function
• The evolution of the star forming sequence in hierarchical galaxy formation models
• Calibration of semi-analytic models of galaxy formation using Particle Swarm Optimization
• The Theoretical Astrophysical Observatory: Cloud-Based Mock Galaxy Catalogues
• Accurate mass and velocity functions of dark matter halos
• Sussing Merger Trees: the influence of the halo finder
• Galaxies going MAD: The Galaxy-Finder Comparison Project
• Clustering of quasars in the First Year of the SDSS-IV eBOSS survey: Interpretation and halo occupation distribution
• Study of star-forming galaxies in SDSS up to redshift 0.4 II. Evolution from the fundamental parameters: mass, metallicity & SFR
• Properties of Submillimeter Galaxies in a Semi-analytic Model using the "Count Matching" Approach: Application to the ECDF-S
• Dark Matter in the Local Universe
• Constraints on galaxy formation models from the galaxy stellar mass function and its evolution
• Convergence of Galaxy Properties with Merger Tree Temporal Resolution
• Study of star-forming galaxies in SDSS up to redshift 0.4: I. Metallicity evolution
• Sussing Merger Trees: Stability and Convergence
• The galaxy correlation function as a constraint on galaxy formation physics

Cited by in corpus (63)

• The Uchuu Simulations: Data Release 1 and Dark Matter Halo Concentrations
• Semi-Analytic Galaxies - I. Synthesis of environmental and star-forming regulation mechanisms
• \textsc{The Three Hundred} project: The \textsc{Gizmo-Simba} run
• 21cm foregrounds and polarization leakage: a user's guide on cleaning and mitigation strategies
• Mapping and characterisation of cosmic filaments in galaxy cluster outskirts: strategies and forecasts for observations from simulations
• L-GALAXIES 2020: The evolution of radial metallicity profiles and global metallicities in disc galaxies
• Constrained realizations of 2MRS density and peculiar velocity fields: growth rate and local flow
• Machine-assisted Semi-Simulation Model (MSSM): Estimating Galactic Baryonic Properties from their Dark Matter using a Machine Trained on Hydrodynamic Simulations
• Gaussian Process Regression for foreground removal in HI intensity mapping experiments
• The foreground transfer function for HI intensity mapping signal reconstruction: MeerKLASS and precision cosmology applications
• Bayesian group finder based on marked point processes. Method and feasibility study using the 2MRS data set
• The Three Hundred Project: the stellar and gas profiles
• Simulation-based inference of dynamical galaxy cluster masses with 3D convolutional neural networks
• Semi-analytic galaxies -- III. The impact of supernova feedback on the mass-metallicity relation
• Multipole expansion for HI intensity mapping experiments: simulations and modelling
• The Three Hundred Project: Substructure in hydrodynamical and dark matter simulations of galaxy groups around clusters
• On the environmental influence of groups and clusters of galaxies beyond the virial radius: Galactic conformity at few Mpc scales
• How galaxies populate haloes in very low-density environments? An analysis of the Halo Occupation Distribution in cosmic voids
• Investigating The Growing Population of Massive Quiescent Galaxies at Cosmic Noon
• The HI intensity mapping bispectrum including observational effects
• Power spectrum multipole expansion for HI intensity mapping experiments: unbiased parameter estimation
• [OII] emitters in MultiDark-Galaxies and DEEP2
• HeCS-red: Dense Hectospec Surveys of redMaPPer-Selected Clusters
• The assembly bias of emission line galaxies
• ROGER: Reconstructing Orbits of Galaxies in Extreme Regions using machine learning techniques
• Assessing the accuracy of cosmological parameters estimated from velocity -- density comparisons via simulations
• Structure and dynamics in low density regions: galaxy-galaxy correlations inside cosmic voids
• Hierarchical structure of the cosmic web and galaxy properties
• Late Bloomer Galaxies: Growing Up in Cosmic Autumn
• Mass Functions, Luminosity Functions, and Completeness Measurements from Clustering Redshifts
• The effects of peculiar velocities in SN Ia environments on the local $H_0$ measurement
• Exploring the High-Mass End of the Stellar Mass Function of Star Forming Galaxies at Cosmic Noon
• The Shape and Scatter of The Galaxy Main Sequence for Massive Galaxies at Cosmic Noon
• Compact groups from semi-analytical models of galaxy formation -- I: a comparative study of frequency and nature
• HI intensity mapping correlation function from UNIT simulations: BAO and observationally induced anisotropy
• Interferometric HI intensity mapping: perturbation theory predictions and foreground removal effects
• Reconstructing Orbits of Galaxies in Extreme Regions (ROGER) II: reliability of projected phase-space in our understanding of galaxy populations
• A semi-analytical perspective on massive galaxies at $z\sim 0.55$
• Overdensity of VVV galaxies behind the Galactic bulge
• Gravity and the Nonlinear Growth of Structure in the Carnegie-Spitzer-IMACS Redshift Survey
• Biasing relation, environmental dependencies and estimation of the growth rate from star forming galaxies
• New features of parallel implementation of N-body problems on GPU
• Backsplash galaxies and their impact on galaxy evolution: a three-stage, four-type perspective
• Galaxy populations in haloes in high-density environments
• The Dark Matter Halos of HI Selected Galaxies
• Unveiling the Universe with Emerging Cosmological Probes
• HI HOD -- I. The Halo Occupation Distribution of HI Galaxies
• The mass-size relation of LRGs from BOSS and DECaLS
• On The Role of Supermassive Black Holes in Quenching Star Formation in Local Central Galaxies
• Assessing the reliability of the Bisous filament finder
• Protoclusters at z=5.7: A view from the MultiDark galaxies
• A young galaxy cluster in the old Universe
• The evolution of low-mass central galaxies in the vicinity of massive structures and its impact on the two-halo conformity
• Constraining H0 Via Extragalactic Parallax
• UNITSIM-Galaxies: data release and clustering of emission-line galaxies
• Using photometric redshift data to improve the detection of galactic filaments with the Bisous model
• Assessing the connection between galactic conformity and assembly-type bias
• The evolution of the halo occupation distribution in cosmic voids
• Spatial correlations of extended cosmological structures
• The Three Hundred Project: A fast semi-analytic model emulator of hydrodynamical galaxy cluster simulations
• Halo Merger Tree Comparison: Impact on Galaxy Formation Models
• The line-of-sight analysis of spatial distribution of galaxies in the COSMOS2015 catalogue
• A semi-analytical perspective on massive red galaxies: I. Assembly history, environment & redshift evolution