Entropy production of active particles and for particles in active baths

Abstract

Entropy production of an active particle in an external potential is identified through a thermodynamically consistent minimal lattice model that includes the chemical reaction providing the propulsion and ordinary translational noise. In the continuum limit, a unique expression follows, comprising a direct contribution from the active process and an indirect contribution from ordinary diffusive motion. From the corresponding Langevin equation, this physical entropy production cannot be inferred through the conventional, yet here ambiguous, comparison of forward and time-reversed trajectories. Generalizations to several interacting active particles and passive particles in a bath of active ones are presented explicitly, further ones are briefly indicated.

11 pages, 2 figures

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• Designing, Synthesizing and Modeling Active Fluids
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• Passive particle in an active bath: How can we tell it is out of equilibrium?
• Lack of an equation of state for the nonequilibrium chemical potential of gases of active particles in contact
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• Stochastic Thermodynamics of Non-reciprocally Interacting Particles and Fields
• Entropy production in non-reciprocal polar active mixtures
• A stochastic Stirling engine powered by an active particle
• Entropy Production from Density Field Theories for interacting particles systems
• Local entropy production rate of run-and-tumble particles
• Statistical mechanics of a cold tracer in a hot bath
• The non-equilibrium thermodynamics of active suspensions
• Morphology, Polarization Patterns, Compression, and Entropy Production in Phase-Separating Active Dumbbell Systems