Calorimetry for active systems

Abstract

We provide the theoretical basis of calorimetry for a class of active particles subject to thermal noise. Simulating AC-calorimetry, we numerically evaluate the heat capacity of run-and-tumble particles in double-well and in periodic potentials, and of systems with a flashing potential. Low-temperature Schottky-like peaks show the role of activity and indicate shape transitions, while regimes of negative heat capacity appear at higher propulsion speeds. From there, a significant increase in heat capacities of active systems may be inferred at low temperatures, as well as the possibility of diagnostic tools for the activity of self-motile artificial or biomimetic systems based on heat capacity measurements.

arXiv comment22 pages, 7 figures

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• Specific heat of a driven lattice gas
• Drazin-Inverse and heat capacity for driven random walks on the ring
• Phase diagram and specific heat of a nonequilibrium Curie-Weiss model
• Local detailed balance for active particle models
• Close-to-equilibrium heat capacity
• Negative specific heats: where Clausius and Boltzmann entropies separate