Relativistic fluid dynamics with spin

Abstract

Using the conservation laws for charge, energy, momentum, and angular momentum, we derive hydrodynamic equations for the charge density, local temperature, and fluid velocity, as well as for the spin tensor, starting from local equilibrium distribution functions for particles and antiparticles with spin 1/2. The resulting set of differential equations extend the standard picture of perfect-fluid hydrodynamics with a conserved entropy current in a minimal way. This framework can be used in space-time analyzes of the evolution of spin and polarization in various physical systems including high-energy nuclear collisions. We demonstrate that a stationary vortex, which exhibits vorticity-spin alignment, corresponds to a special solution of the spin-hydrodynamical equations.

PRC version, corrected signs in Sec. 6

References in corpus (23)

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• Global $\Lambda$ hyperon polarization in nuclear collisions: evidence for the most vortical fluid
• Globally Polarized Quark-gluon Plasma in Non-central A+A Collisions
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• Lambda Polarization in Peripheral Heavy Ion Collisions
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• The ideal relativistic fluid limit for a medium with polarization
• The ideal relativistic rotating gas as a perfect fluid with spin
• Covariant statistical mechanics and the stress-energy tensor
• Relativistic hydrodynamics from quantum field theory on the basis of the generalized Gibbs ensemble method
• Global and local spin polarization in heavy ion collisions: a brief overview
• Quantum corrections to the stress-energy tensor in thermodynamic equilibrium with acceleration
• Sound waves and vortices in a polarized relativistic fluid
• Anisotropic fluid dynamics in the early stage of relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Pseudoscalar condensation induced by chiral anomaly and vorticity for massive fermions
• A general derivation of differential cross section in quark-quark scatterings at fixed impact parameter

Cited by in corpus (167)

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• Relativistic hydrodynamics for spin-polarized fluids
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• Fate of spin polarization in a relativistic fluid: An entropy-current analysis
• Dense Nuclear Matter Equation of State from Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Local polarization and isothermal local equilibrium in relativistic heavy ion collisions
• Generating spin polarization from vorticity through nonlocal collisions
• The ALICE experiment: a journey through QCD
• Relativistic dissipative spin dynamics in the relaxation time approximation
• Relativistic Quantum Kinetic Theory for Massive Fermions and Spin Effects
• Spin Hydrodynamics and Symmetric Energy-Momentum Tensors -- A current induced by the spin vorticity --
• Spin tensor and its role in non-equilibrium thermodynamics
• Hydrodynamics of spin currents
• Relativistic spin hydrodynamics with torsion and linear response theory for spin relaxation
• Axial Kinetic Theory and Spin Transport for Fermions with Arbitrary Mass
• Global polarization of $\Lambda$ and $\overline{\Lambda }$ hyperons in Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC
• Spin polarization induced by the hydrodynamic gradients
• Non-dissipative second-order transport, spin, and pseudo-gauge transformations in hydrodynamics
• Spin-dependent distribution functions for relativistic hydrodynamics of spin-1/2 particles
• Anomalous chiral transports and spin polarization in heavy-ion collisions
• Derivation of the nonlocal collision term in the relativistic Boltzmann equation for massive spin-1/2 particles from quantum field theory
• Dissipative Spin Dynamics in Relativistic Matter
• Thermodynamic versus kinetic approach to polarization-vorticity coupling
• Relativistic second-order dissipative spin hydrodynamics from the method of moments
• Local spin polarization in high energy heavy ion collisions
• Spin tensor and pseudo-gauges: from nuclear collisions to gravitational physics
• Reexamination of local spin polarization beyond global equilibrium in relativistic heavy ion collisions
• From Kadanoff--Baym to Boltzmann equations for massive spin-1/2 fermions
• Effective quantum kinetic theory for spin transport of fermions with collsional effects
• A hydrodynamic study of hyperon spin polarization in relativistic heavy ion collisions
• Resistive dissipative magnetohydrodynamics from the Boltzmann-Vlasov equation
• Spin polarization evolution in a boost invariant hydrodynamical background
• Spin Polarizations in a Covariant Angular-Momentum-Conserved Chiral Transport Model
• Covariant Spin Kinetic Theory I: Collisionless Limit
• Linear response theory of relativistic hydrodynamics with spin
• Longitudinal spin polarization in a thermal model
• Causality and dissipation in relativistic polarizeable fluids
• Foundations and Applications of Quantum Kinetic Theory
• Quantum Kinetic Theory of Spin Polarization of Massive Quarks in Perturbative QCD: Leading Log
• Polarization transfer in hyperon decays and its effect in relativistic nuclear collisions
• Ideal spin hydrodynamics from Wigner function approach
• Relativistic Spin Magnetohydrodynamics
• Spin and polarization: a new direction in relativistic heavy ion physics
• Spin polarization dynamics in the Gubser-expanding background
• Relativistic Viscous Hydrodynamics with Angular Momentum
• Analytic solutions of relativistic dissipative spin hydrodynamics with Bjorken expansion
• Relativistic dissipative spin hydrodynamics from kinetic theory with a nonlocal collision term
• A microscopic description for polarization in particle scatterings
• Relativistic second-order spin hydrodynamics: an entropy-current analysis
• Local and global polarization of $\Lambda$ hyperons across RHIC-BES energies: the roles of spin hall effect, initial condition and baryon diffusion
• New developments in relativistic magnetohydrodynamics
• Relativistic first-order spin hydrodynamics via the Chapman-Enskog expansion
• Side-Jump Induced Spin-Orbit Interaction of Chiral Fluids from Kinetic Theory
• Vorticity and Spin Polarization in Heavy Ion Collisions: Transport Models
• Vorticity and hyperon polarization at NICA energies
• Local Equilibrium Spin Distribution From Detailed Balance
• On axial current in rotating and accelerating medium
• Gyrohydrodynamics: Relativistic spinful fluid with strong vorticity
• Hydrodynamics, spin currents and torsion
• Polarization in relativistic fluids: a quantum field theoretical derivation
• Vorticity and Spin Polarization --- A Theoretical Perspective
• Canonical and phenomenological formulations of spin hydrodynamics
• Effects of rotation and acceleration in the axial current: density operator vs Wigner function
• Pseudo-gauges and relativistic spin hydrodynamics for interacting Dirac and Proca fields
• Pseudogauge dependence of the spin polarization and of the axial vortical effect
• Quantum kinetic theory for dynamical spin polarization from QED-type interaction
• Spin Polarization Formula for Dirac Fermions at Local Equilibrium
• Quantum Kinetic Theory for Quantum Electrodynamics
• Wigner functions and quantum kinetic theory of polarized photons
• Spin polarization dynamics in the non-boost-invariant background
• Stability studies of first order spin-hydrodynamic frameworks
• The chiral vortical effect in Wigner function approach
• Spin relaxation rate for heavy quarks in weakly coupled QCD plasma
• Kubo formulae for first-order spin hydrodynamics
• New Developments in Relativistic Fluid Dynamics with spin
• The causality and stability of relativistic spin-hydrodynamics
• Lorentz-covariant nonlocal collision term for spin-1/2 particles
• Analytic solutions of relativistic dissipative spin hydrodynamics with radial expansion in Gubser flow
• Hydrodynamic helicity polarization in relativistic heavy ion collisions
• Vortex rings in fragmentation regions in heavy-ion collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$ 39 GeV
• Damping of spin waves
• Quantum kinetic theory for spin-1/2 fermions in Wigner function formalism
• Global spin polarization of multistrange hyperons and feed-down effect in heavy-ion collisions
• Helical massive fermions under rotation
• Relativistic hydrodynamics with spin in the presence of electromagnetic fields
• Practical considerations for measuring global spin alignment of vector mesons in relativistic heavy ion collisions
• Dynamics of QCD Matter -- current status
• Spin alignment measurement of vector mesons produced in high energy collisions
• Spin evolution of massive fermion in QED plasma
• Spin polarization dynamics in the Bjorken-expanding resistive MHD background
• Hybrid approach to perfect and dissipative spin hydrodynamics
• Boost invariant spin hydrodynamics within the first order in derivative expansion
• Pseudogauge freedom and the SO(3) algebra of spin operators
• Linear mode analysis from spin transport equation
• Lorentz-covariant kinetic theory for massive spin-1/2 particles
• Spin waves in spin hydrodynamics
• Universality Classes of Relativistic Fluid Dynamics: Foundations
• Resummed spin hydrodynamics from quantum kinetic theory
• Anomalous magnetohydrodynamics with temperature-dependent electric conductivity and application to the global polarization
• Spin dynamics with realistic hydrodynamic background for relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Causal and stable first-order chiral hydrodynamics
• Generalized thermodynamic relations for perfect spin hydrodynamics
• Wigner function formalism and the evolution of thermodynamic quantities in an expanding magnetized plasma
• Thermodynamics of a rotating hadron resonance gas with van der Waals interaction
• An introduction to relativistic spin hydrodynamics
• The linear mode analysis and spin relaxation
• Cross effects in spin hydrodynamics: A revisit Entropy analysis and statistical operator
• Wigner function and kinetic theory for massive spin-1/2 particles
• Collisional corrections to spin polarization from quantum kinetic theory using Chapman-Enskog expansion
• Emergent Canonical Spin Tensor in the Chiral-Symmetric Hot QCD
• Linear response hydrodynamics of a relativistic dissipative fluid with spin
• Berry phase in the phase space worldline representation: the axial anomaly and classical kinetic theory
• Boost-invariant spin hydrodynamics with spin feedback effects
• Effect of Coriolis Force on Electrical Conductivity Tensor for Rotating Hadron Resonance Gas
• Relativistic fluid dynamics and its extensions as an effective field theory
• Exact solutions in quantum field theory under rotation
• Does the spin tensor play any role in non-gravitational physics?
• Probing vorticity in heavy ion collision with dilepton production
• Relativistic second-order spin hydrodynamics: A Kubo-type formulation for the quark-gluon plasma
• Effect of the Coriolis force on the electrical conductivity of quark matter: A nonrelativistic description
• Collective dynamics of polarized spin-half fermions in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Conserved and non-conserved Noether currents from the quantum effective action
• Dilepton Helical Production in a Vortical Quark-Gluon Plasma
• Propagation of spin channel waves
• Evolution of global polarization in relativistic heavy-ion collisions within a perturbative approach
• Anomalous Hall instability in the Chern-Simons magnetohydrodynamics
• Universality Classes of Relativistic Fluid Dynamics: Applications
• Effect of Coriolis force on the shear viscosity of quark matter: A nonrelativistic description
• Signatures of the vortical quark-gluon plasma in hadron yields
• Vector and Tensor Spin Polarization for Vector Bosons at Local Equilibrium
• Recent developments in chiral and spin polarization effects in heavy-ion collisions
• Vortex-like solutions and internal structures of covariant ideal magnetohydrodynamics
• Spin Polarization of $\Lambda$ hyperons from Dissipative Spin Hydrodynamics
• Polarization of spin-1/2 particles with effective spacetime dependent masses
• Chiral and deconfinement thermal transitions at finite quark spin polarization in lattice QCD simulations
• Chiral and deconfinement transitions in spin-polarized quark matter
• Relativistic hydrodynamics with spin
• Chiral effects in classical spinning gas
• Application range of perfect spin hydrodynamics
• Second-order spin hydrodynamics from Zubarev's nonequilibrium statistical operator formalism
• Anisotropic linear waves and breakdown of the momentum expansion in spin magnetohydrodynamics
• Quantum-Fluid Correspondence in Relativistic Fluids with Spin: From Madelung Form to Gravitational Coupling
• Probing bulk viscosity in relativistic flows
• Estimating Longitudinal Polarization of $\Lambda$ and $\bar{\Lambda }$ Hyperons at Relativistic Energies using Hydrodynamic and Transport models
• Equal-time kinetic equations in a rotational field
• Polarization and Chirality: the quantum features of the Quark Gluon Plasma
• ${\eta }^{\prime }$ Production in Nucleus-Nucleus collisions as a probe of chiral dynamics
• Hybrid framework of Fermi-Dirac spin hydrodynamics
• A supersymmetric spin current
• Semi-Classical Spin Hydrodynamics in Flat and Curved Spacetime: Covariance, Linear Waves, and Bjorken Background
• Hydrodynamics of massive particles with spin 1/2
• On the non-uniqueness of the energy-momentum and spin currents
• Hydrodynamics with spin --- recent developments
• Anomalous spin polarization from turbulent color fields
• Convective stability of global thermodynamic equilibrium
• On the local thermodynamic relations in relativistic spin hydrodynamics
• Perfect spinfluid: A divergence-type approach
• Probing early-time longitudinal dynamics with the $\Lambda$ hyperon's spin polarization in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Impact of spin polarization on transport and thermodynamic coefficients
• Quark polarization from parton scatterings in heavy ion collisions
• Tensor spin polarization induced by curved freeze-out hypersurface
• Nonlinear causality and stability of perfect spin hydrodynamics and its nonperturbative character
• Theoretical aspects of relativistic spin hydrodynamics coupled with electromagnetic fields
• Minimal-Length Corrections to Hyperon Polarization in Rotating Quark Gluon Plasma
• Study of spin polarization dependence on rapidity, transverse momentum, and azimuthal angle
• Dissipative effects on the propagation of spin modes