Probing exotic phenomena at the interface of nuclear and particle physics with the electric dipole moments of diamagnetic atoms: A unique window to hadronic and semi-leptonic CP violation

Abstract

The current status of electric dipole moments of diamagnetic atoms which involves the synergy between atomic experiments and three different theoretical areas -- particle, nuclear and atomic is reviewed. Various models of particle physics that predict CP violation, which is necessary for the existence of such electric dipole moments, are presented. These include the standard model of particle physics and various extensions of it. Effective hadron level combined charge conjugation (C) and parity (P) symmetry violating interactions are derived taking into consideration different ways in which a nucleon interacts with other nucleons as well as with electrons. Nuclear structure calculations of the CP-odd nuclear Schiff moment are discussed using the shell model and other theoretical approaches. Results of the calculations of atomic electric dipole moments due to the interaction of the nuclear Schiff moment with the electrons and the P and time-reversal (T) symmetry violating tensor-pseudotensor electron-nucleus are elucidated using different relativistic many-body theories. The principles of the measurement of the electric dipole moments of diamagnetic atoms are outlined. Upper limits for the nuclear Schiff moment and tensor-pseudotensor coupling constant are obtained combining the results of atomic experiments and relativistic many-body theories. The coefficients for the different sources of CP violation have been estimated at the elementary particle level for all the diamagnetic atoms of current experimental interest and their implications for physics beyond the standard model is discussed. Possible improvements of the current results of the measurements as well as quantum chromodynamics, nuclear and atomic calculations are suggested.

46 pages, 19 tables and 16 figures. A review article accepted for EPJA

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• Parity and Time Reversal Invariance Violation in Neutron-Nucleus Scattering
• Laser spectroscopy and CP-violation sensitivity of actinium monofluoride
• Electric dipole moment of light nuclei - 6Li, 7Li, 9Be, 11B, and 13C -
• A dimension five Lorentz-violating nonminimal coupling for mesons in the KLZ model
• Estimation of CP violating EDMs from known mechanisms in the SM
• Boer-Mulders function of the pion and pretzelosity distribution of the proton in the polarized pion-proton Drell-Yan process at COMPASS
• Enhanced nuclear Schiff and electric dipole moments in nuclei with an octupole deformation
• Weinberg operator contribution to the CP-odd nuclear force in the quark model
• Relativistic density functional theory with finite-light-speed correction for the Coulomb interaction: a non-relativistic-reduction based approach
• Spontaneous CP Violation and the Strong CP Problem in Left-Right Symmetric Theories
• Weinberg Operator Contribution to the Hadronic CP Violation
• Status of the Theoretical Calculation of Nuclear Electric Dipole Moment
• Constraining EDM and MDM lepton dimension five interactions in the electroweak sector
• Testing CP-violation in a Heavy Higgs Sector at CLIC
• Quark model analysis of the Weinberg operator contribution to the nucleon EDM
• Nucleon mass: trace anomaly and $\sigma$-terms
• Nuclear electric dipole moment as a good probe of CP violation
• Uncovering an Axion Mechanism with the EDM Portfolio
• Contribution of the Weinberg-type Operator to atomic and nuclear electric dipole moments