Enhanced Schiff and magnetic quadrupole moments in deformed nuclei and their connection to the search for axion dark matter

Abstract

Deformed nuclei possess enhanced moments violating time reversal invariance ($T$) and parity ($P$). Collective magnetic quadrupole moments (MQM) appear in nuclei with a quadrupole deformation (which have ordinary $T$,$P$-conserving collective electric quadrupole moments). Nuclei with an octupole deformation have a collective electric octupole moment, electric dipole moment (EDM), Schiff moment and MQM in the intrinsic frame which rotates with the nucleus. In a state with definite angular momentum in the laboratory frame, these moments are forbidden by $T$ and $P$ conservation, meaning their expectation values vanish due to nuclear rotation. However, nuclei with an octupole deformation have doublets of close opposite parity rotational states with the same spin, which are mixed by $T$,$P$-violating nuclear forces. This mixing polarises the orientation of the nuclear axis along the nuclear spin, and all moments existing in the intrinsic frame appear in the laboratory frame (provided the nuclear spin $I$ is sufficiently large to allow such a moment). Such a mechanism produces enhanced $T$,$P$-violating nuclear moments. This enhancement also takes place in nuclei with a soft octupole vibration mode. In this paper we present updated estimates for the enhanced Schiff moment in isotopes of Eu, Sm, Gd, Dy, Er, Fr, Rn, Ac, Ra, Th, Pa, U, Np and Pu in terms of the CP-violating $\pi$-meson--nucleon interaction constants ${\bar{g}}_0,{\bar{g}}_1$ and ${\bar{g}}_2$, the QCD parameter $\bar{\theta }$ and the quark chromo-EDMs. The implications of the enhanced $T$,$P$-violating moments to the search for axion dark matter in solid state experiments are also discussed, with potential alternative candidate compounds in which we may expect enhanced effects suggested.

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Cited by in corpus (5)

• Relativistic Exact Two-Component Coupled-Cluster Study of Molecular Sensitivity Factors for Nuclear Schiff Moments
• Discovering QCD-Coupled Axion Dark Matter with Polarization Haloscopes
• Ab initio study of electronic states and radiative properties of the AcF molecule
• Measuring the nuclear magnetic quadrupole moment of optically trapped ytterbium atoms in the metastable state
• Nuclear Electric Quadrupole Moment-Induced Parity Doubling in Molecules for Symmetry-Violation Searches