Sensitivity of EDM experiments in paramagnetic atoms and molecules to hadronic CP violation

Abstract

Experiments searching for the electric dipole moment (EDM) of the electron $d_e$ utilise atomic/molecular states with one or more uncompensated electron spins, and these paramagnetic systems have recently achieved remarkable sensitivity to $d_e$. If the source of $CP$ violation resides entirely in the hadronic sector, the two-photon exchange processes between electrons and the nucleus induce $CP$-odd semileptonic interactions, parametrised by the Wilson coefficient $C_{SP}$, and provide the dominant source of EDMs in paramagnetic systems instead of $d_e$. We evaluate the $C_{SP}$ coefficients induced by the leading hadronic sources of $CP$ violation, namely nucleon EDMs and $CP$-odd pion-nucleon couplings, by calculating the nucleon-number-enhanced $CP$-odd nuclear scalar polarisability, employing chiral perturbation theory at the nucleon level and the Fermi-gas model for the nucleus. This allows us to translate the ACME EDM limits from paramagnetic ThO into novel independent constraints on the QCD theta term $|\bar{\theta }|<3\times 10^{-8}$, proton EDM $|d_p|<2\times 10^{-23}e\mathrm{cm}$, isoscalar $CP$-odd pion-nucleon coupling $|{\bar{g}}_{\pi NN}^{(1)}|<4\times 10^{-10}$, and colour EDMs of quarks $|{\tilde{d}}_u-{\tilde{d}}_d|<2\times 10^{-24}\mathrm{cm}$. We note that further experimental progress with EDM experiments in paramagnetic systems may allow them to rival the sensitivity of EDM experiments with neutrons and diamagnetic atoms to these quantities.

arXiv comment7 pages, 3 figures, version accepted for publication in Physical Review D

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