Shift charge and spin photocurrents in Dirac surface states of topological insulator

Abstract

The generation of photocurrent in condensed matter is of main interest for photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications. Shift current, a nonlinear photoresponse, has attracted recent intensive attention as a dominant player of bulk photovoltaic effect in ferroelectric materials. In three dimensional topological insulators ${\text{Bi}}_2{\text{X}}_3$ (X: Te, Se), we find that Dirac surface states with a hexagonal warping term carry shift current by linearly polarized light. In addition, shift spin-current is introduced with the time-reversal symmetry breaking perturbation. The estimate for the magnitudes of the shift charge- and spin-currents are 0.13$I_0$ and 0.21$I_0$(nA/m) with the intensity of light $I_0$ measured in $(\text{W}/{\text{m}}^2)$, respectively, which can offer a useful method to generate these currents efficiently.

12 pages including supplementary information, 2 figures

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• Quantum Kinetic Theory of Nonlinear Optical Currents: Finite Fermi surface and Fermi sea contributions
• A comprehensive theory of second-order spin photocurrents
• Linear photogalvanic effect in surface states of topological insulators
• Shift current from electromagnon excitations in multiferroics
• Highly superlinear photogalvanic effects in (Bi${}_{0.3}$Sb${}_{0.7}$)${}_2$(Te${}_{0.1}$Se${}_{0.9}$)${}_3$: Probing 3D topological insulator surface states at room temperature
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• Abnormal Surface Nonlinear Optical Responses in Topological Materials
• Fundamental Distinction between Intrinsic and Extrinsic Nonlinear Thermal Hall Effects
• Surface photogalvanic effect in Weyl semimetals
• Intrinsic Contribution to Non-linear Thermoelectric Effect
• Bulk photovoltaic effects in altermagnets
• Unidirectional valley-contrasting photo-current in strained transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers
• Bulk-Fermi-Arc Transition Induced Large Photogalvanic Effect in Weyl Semimetals
• Magnetic parity violation and parity-time-reversal-symmetric magnets
• Optical spin conductivity in ultracold quantum gases
• Diverging shift current responses in the gapless limit of two-dimensional systems
• Quantum geometry and $X$-wave magnets with $X=p,d,f,g,i$
• Terahertz spin ratchet effect in magnetic metamaterials
• Realizing a topological diode effect on the surface of a topological Kondo insulator
• Higher-order bulk photovoltaic effects, quantum geometry and application to $p$-wave magnets
• Symmetry-driven Intrinsic Nonlinear Pure Spin Hall Effect
• Theory of shift heat current and its application to electron-phonon coupled systems
• Quadrupolar photovoltaic effect in the terahertz range in a two-dimensional spin-3/2 hole system
• Axion dark matter detection via shift current