Phosphorene: Fabrication, Properties and Applications

Abstract

Phosphorene, the single- or few-layer form of black phosphorus, was recently rediscovered as a twodimensional layered material holding great promise for applications in electronics and optoelectronics. Research into its fundamental properties and device applications has since seen exponential growth. In this Perspective, we review recent progress in phosphorene research, touching upon topics on fabrication, properties, and applications; we also discuss challenges and future research directions. We highlight the intrinsically anisotropic electronic, transport, optoelectronic, thermoelectric, and mechanical properties of phosphorene resulting from its puckered structure in contrast to those of graphene and transition-metal dichalcogenides. The facile fabrication and novel properties of phosphorene have inspired design and demonstration of new nanodevices; however, further progress hinges on resolutions to technical obstructions like surface degradation effects and non-scalable fabrication techniques. We also briefly describe the latest developments of more sophisticated design concepts and implementation schemes that address some of the challenges in phosphorene research. It is expected that this fascinating material will continue to offer tremendous opportunities for research and development for the foreseeable future.

invited perspective for JPCL

References in corpus (12)

• Electrochemically Top Gated Graphene: Monitoring Dopants by Raman Scattering
• Synthesis of Large-Area MoS2 Atomic Layers with Chemical Vapor Deposition
• Strain-Engineering Anisotropic Electrical Conductance of Phosphorene and Few-Layer Black Phosphorus
• Strain engineered direct-indirect band gap transition and its mechanism in 2D phosphorene
• Photovoltaic effect in few-layer black phosphorus PN junctions defined by local electrostatic gating
• Phosphorene nanoribbons, nanotubes and van der Waals multilayers
• The potential applications of phosphorene as anode materials in Li-ion batteries
• Unusual Scaling Laws of the Band Gap and Optical Absorption of Phosphorene Nanoribbons
• Hinge-like structure induced unusual properties of black phosphorus and new strategies to improve the thermoelectric performance
• Phosphorene oxides: bandgap engineering of phosphorene by oxidation
• Edge effects on the electronic properties of phosphorene nanoribbons
• Structure and Stability of Two Dimensional Phosphorene with =O or =NH Functionalization