Measurement of the absolute Quantum Efficiency of Hamamatsu model R11410-10 photomultiplier tubes at low temperatures down to liquid xenon boiling point

Abstract

We report on the measurements of the absolute Quantum Efficiency(QE) for Hamamatsu model R11410-10 PMTs specially designed for the use in low background liquid xenon detectors. QE was measured for five PMTs in a spectral range between 154.5 nm to 400 nm at low temperatures down to -110${}^0$C. It was shown that during the PMT cooldown from room temperature to -110 ${}^0$C (a typical PMT operation temperature in liquid xenon detectors), the absolute QE increases by a factor of 1.1 - 1.15 at 175 nm. The QE growth rate with respect to temperature is wavelength dependent peaking at about 165 nm corresponding to the fastest growth of about -0.07 %QE/${}^{0}C$ and at about 200 nm corresponding to slowest growth of below -0.01 %QE/${}^{0}C$. A dedicated setup and methods for PMT Quantum Efficiency measurement at low temperatures are described in details.

16 pages, 12 figures

References in corpus (4)

• The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) Experiment
• Performance of the Hamamatsu R11410 Photomultiplier Tube in cryogenic Xenon Environments
• Development of high-gain gaseous photomultipliers for the visible spectral range
• Ion-induced secondary electron emission from K-Cs-Sb, Na-K-Sb and Cs-Sb photocathodes and its relevance to the operation of gaseous avalanche photomultipliers

Cited by in corpus (10)

• Projected WIMP Sensitivity of the XENONnT Dark Matter Experiment
• Qualification Tests of the R11410-21 Photomultiplier Tubes for the XENON1T Detector
• Improved quality tests of R11410-21 photomultiplier tubes for the XENONnT experiment
• Characterization of VUV4 SiPM for Liquid Argon Detector
• Further studies of proportional electroluminescence in two-phase argon
• Measurement of the relative Quantum Efficiency of Hamamatsu model R5912-20MOD photomultiplier tubes at liquid argon temperature
• Puzzling time properties of proportional electroluminescence in two-phase argon detectors for dark matter searches
• Observation of unusual slow components in electroluminescence signal of two-phase argon detector
• Study of visible-light emission in pure and methane-doped liquid argon
• Observation of primary scintillations in the visible range in liquid argon doped with methane