Star Formation in the vicinity of Nuclear Black Holes: Young Stellar Objects close to Sgr A*

Abstract

It is often assumed that the strong gravitational field of a super-massive black hole disrupts an adjacent molecular cloud preventing classical star formation in the deep potential well of the black hole. Yet, young stars have been observed across the entire nuclear star cluster of the Milky Way including the region close ($<$0.5~pc) to the central black hole, Sgr A*. Here, we focus particularly on small groups of young stars, such as IRS 13N located 0.1 pc away from Sgr A*, which is suggested to contain about five embedded massive young stellar objects ($<$1 Myr). We perform three dimensional hydrodynamical simulations to follow the evolution of molecular clumps orbiting about a $4\times 10^6{M}_{\odot }$ black hole, to constrain the formation and the physical conditions of such groups. The molecular clumps in our models assumed to be isothermal containing 100 $M_{\odot }$ in $<$0.2 pc radius. Such molecular clumps exist in the circumnuclear disk of the Galaxy. In our highly eccentrically orbiting clump, the strong orbital compression of the clump along the orbital radius vector and perpendicular to the orbital plane causes the gas densities to increase to values higher than the tidal density of Sgr A*, which are required for star formation. Additionally, we speculate that the infrared excess source G2/DSO approaching Sgr A* on a highly eccentric orbit could be associated with a dust enshrouded star that may have been formed recently through the mechanism supported by our models.

arXiv comment18 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS

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• The mass of our Milky Way
• S62 and S4711: Indications of a population of faint fast moving stars inside the S2 orbit -- S4711 on a 7.6 year orbit around Sgr~A*
• A population of dust-enshrouded objects orbiting the Galactic black hole
• S62 on a 9.9 yr Orbit around SgrA*
• Monitoring the Dusty S-Cluster Object (DSO/G2) on its Orbit towards the Galactic Center Black Hole
• Kinematic Structure of the Galactic Center S-cluster
• Bright X-ray flares from Sgr A*
• Monitoring dusty sources in the vicinity of Sgr A*
• Nature of the Galactic centre NIR-excess sources. I. What can we learn from the continuum observations of the DSO/G2 source?
• ALMA Detection of Bipolar Outflows: Evidence for Low Mass Star Formation within 1pc of Sgr A*
• Polarized near-infrared light of the Dusty S-cluster Object (DSO/G2) at the Galactic Center
• Signatures of Young Star Formation Activity Within Two Parsecs of Sgr A*
• Effect of an isotropic outflow from the Galactic centre on the bow-shock evolution along the orbit
• Near- and mid-infrared observations in the inner tenth of a parsec of the Galactic center -- Detection of proper motion of a filament very close to Sgr~A*
• A binary system in the S cluster close to the supermassive black hole Sagittarius A*
• A new bow-shock source with bipolar morphology in the vicinity of Sgr A*
• The apparent tail of the Galactic center object G2/DSO
• Monitoring the Galactic Centre with Australia Telescope Compact Array
• The influence of dense gas rings on the dynamics of a stellar disk in the Galactic center
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• X3: a high-mass Young Stellar Object close to the supermassive black hole Sgr~A*
• The X-ray footprint of the CircumNuclear Disk
• The Evaporating Massive Embedded Stellar Cluster IRS 13 Close to Sgr A*. II. Kinematic structure
• Candidate Young Stellar Objects in the S-cluster: The Kinematic Analysis of a Sub-population of the Low-mass G-objects close to Sgr A*
• Tidally-disrupted Molecular Clouds falling to the Galactic Center
• Discovery of a Dense Association of Stars in the Vicinity of the Supermassive Black Hole Sgr A*
• The dynamics of S-stars and G-sources orbiting a supermassive compact object made of fermionic dark matter
• Closing the gap: Follow-up observations of peculiar dusty objects close to Sgr A* using ERIS