Constraining the high-density nuclear symmetry energy with the transverse-momentum dependent elliptic flow

Abstract

Within the newly updated version of the ultrarelativistic quantum molecular dynamics (UrQMD) model, the transverse-velocity dependence of the elliptic flow of free nucleons from ${}^{197}$Au+${}^{197}$Au collisions at the incident energy 400 MeV$/$nucleon is studied within different windows of the normalized c.m. rapidity $y_0$. It is found that the elliptic flow difference $v_2^n$-$v_2^p$ and ratio $v_2^n$/$v_2^p$ of neutrons versus protons are sensitive to the density dependence of the symmetry energy, especially the ratio $v_2^n$/$v_2^p$ at small transverse velocity in the intermediate rapidity intervals $0.4<|y_0|<0.6$. By comparing either transverse-momentum dependent or integrated FOPI/LAND elliptic flow data of nucleons and hydrogen isotopes with calculations using various Skyrme interactions, all exhibiting similar values of isoscalar incompressibility but very different density dependences of the symmetry energy, a moderately soft to linear symmetry energy is extracted, in good agreement with previous UrQMD or Tübingen QMD model calculations but contrasting results obtained with ${\pi }^{-}/{\pi }^{+}$ yield ratios available in the literature.

arXiv comment20 pages, 6 figures, accepted by Phys. Rev. C

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• Feasability of constraining the curvature parameter of the symmetry energy using elliptic flow data
• Progress of Quantum Molecular Dynamics model and its applications in Heavy Ion Collisions
• Determination of the nuclear incompressibility from the rapidity-dependent elliptic flow in heavy-ion collisions at beam energies 0.4\emph{A} - 1.0\emph{A} GeV
• Constraining the density dependence of the symmetry energy using the multiplicity and average $p_T$ ratios of charged pions
• Normal or abnormal isospin-fractionation as a qualitative probe of nuclear symmetry energy at supradensities
• Cross-checking the symmetry energy at high densities
• Effects of in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross section on collective flow and nuclear stopping in heavy-ion collisions in the Fermi-energy domain
• The isospin dependent nucleon-nucleon inelastic cross section in the nuclear medium
• ${}^3$H/${}^3$He ratio as a probe of the nuclear symmetry energy at sub-saturation densities
• Studies of the equation-of-state of nuclear matter by heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energy in the multi-messenger era
• Influence of differential elastic nucleon-nucleon cross section on stopping and collective flows in heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies
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• The effect of internal magnetic field on collective flow in heavy ion collisions at intermediate energies
• The effect of Lorentz-like force on collective flows of K${}^{+}$ in Au+Au collisions at 1.5 GeV/nucleon}{The effect of Lorentz-like force on collective flows of $K^{+}$ in Au+Au collisions at 1.5 GeV/nucleon
• Competition between Coulomb and Symmetry Potential in Semi-peripheral Heavy-ion Collisions
• Neutron-skin values and matter and neutron radii determined from reaction cross sections of proton scattering on ${}^{12}$C, ${}^{40,48}$Ca, ${}^{58}$Ni, ${}^{208}$Pb
• Symmetry energy at subsaturation densities and the neutron skin thickness of 208Pb
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• High Density with Elliptic Flows
• Effect of the spin-orbit interaction on flows in heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies
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