The MultiDark Database: Release of the Bolshoi and MultiDark Cosmological Simulations

Abstract

We present the online MultiDark Database -- a Virtual Observatory-oriented, relational database for hosting various cosmological simulations. The data is accessible via an SQL (Structured Query Language) query interface, which also allows users to directly pose scientific questions, as shown in a number of examples in this paper. Further examples for the usage of the database are given in its extensive online documentation (www.multidark.org). The database is based on the same technology as the Millennium Database, a fact that will greatly facilitate the usage of both suites of cosmological simulations. The first release of the MultiDark Database hosts two 8.6 billion particle cosmological N-body simulations: the Bolshoi (250/h Mpc simulation box, 1/h kpc resolution) and MultiDark Run1 simulation (MDR1, or BigBolshoi, 1000/h Mpc simulation box, 7/h kpc resolution). The extraction methods for halos/subhalos from the raw simulation data, and how this data is structured in the database are explained in this paper. With the first data release, users get full access to halo/subhalo catalogs, various profiles of the halos at redshifts z=0-15, and raw dark matter data for one time-step of the Bolshoi and four time-steps of the MultiDark simulation. Later releases will also include galaxy mock catalogs and additional merging trees for both simulations as well as new large volume simulations with high resolution. This project is further proof of the viability to store and present complex data using relational database technology. We encourage other simulators to publish their results in a similar manner.

28 pages, 9 figures, submitted to New Astronomy

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• On the Physics of Radio Halos in Galaxy Clusters: Scaling Relations and Luminosity Functions
• The clustering of luminous red galaxies at z $\sim$ 0.7 from eBOSS and BOSS data
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• The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Dynamical masses for 44 SZ-selected galaxy clusters over 755 square degrees
• Accurate and Efficient Halo-based Galaxy Clustering Modelling with Simulations
• Predicting Galaxy Star Formation Rates via the Co-evolution of Galaxies and Halos
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• The Completed SDSS-IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: N-body Mock Challenge for the eBOSS Emission Line Galaxy Sample
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• Machine-assisted Semi-Simulation Model (MSSM): Estimating Galactic Baryonic Properties from their Dark Matter using a Machine Trained on Hydrodynamic Simulations
• Correlations between Triaxial Shapes and Formation History of Dark Matter Haloes
• Exploring the halo occupation of AGN using dark-matter cosmological simulations
• The Inhomogeneous Reionization Times of Present-day Galaxies
• nIFTY galaxy cluster simulations III: The Similarity & Diversity of Galaxies & Subhaloes
• The insignificant evolution of the richness-mass relation of galaxy clusters
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• A Zeldovich reconstruction method for measuring redshift space distortions using cosmic voids
• Cosmological Constraints from Galaxy Clustering and the Mass-to-Number Ratio of Galaxy Clusters: Marginalizing over the Physics of Galaxy Formation
• The sum of the masses of the Milky Way and M31: a likelihood-free inference approach
• MultiDarkLens Simulations: weak lensing light-cones and data base presentation
• Probing Galaxy Assembly Bias in BOSS Galaxies Using Void Probabilities
• The Deep Diffuse Extragalactic Radio Sky at 1.75 GHz
• Bayesian group finder based on marked point processes. Method and feasibility study using the 2MRS data set
• Overdensities of Submillimetre-Bright Sources around Candidate Protocluster Cores Selected from the South Pole Telescope Survey
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• Stellar-to-halo mass relation of cluster galaxies
• Fast full $N$-body simulations of generic modified gravity: derivative coupling models
• Stacked CMB lensing and ISW signals around superstructures in the DESI Legacy Survey
• Using Galaxy Pairs to Probe Star Formation During Major Halo Mergers
• The mass function dependence on the dynamical state of dark matter haloes
• Local gravitational redshifts can bias cosmological measurements
• How galaxies populate haloes in very low-density environments? An analysis of the Halo Occupation Distribution in cosmic voids
• Hunting down systematics in baryon acoustic oscillations after cosmic high noon
• Estimating the Mass of the Local Group using Machine Learning Applied to Numerical Simulations
• Tracing the gravitational potential using cosmic voids
• Some assembly required: assembly bias in massive dark matter halos
• Generating Synthetic Cosmological Data with GalSampler
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• MultiDark-Clusters: Galaxy Cluster Mock Light-Cones, eROSITA and the Cluster Power Spectrum
• Clustering Constraints on the Relative Sizes of Central and Satellite Galaxies
• High-Cadence Imaging and Imaging Spectroscopy at the GREGOR Solar Telescope - A Collaborative Research Environment for High-Resolution Solar Physics
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• Protoclusters at z=5.7: A view from the MultiDark galaxies
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• Impact of Cosmic Variance on the Galaxy-Halo Connection for Lyman-$\alpha$ Emitters
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• HIKER: a halo-finding method based on kernel-shift algorithm
• How the Coherent Tides Obstruct the Radial Infalls of Satellite Galaxies onto Clusters
• Covariances of Galaxy Stellar Mass Functions and Correlation Functions
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• Structure of cosmic web in non-linear regime: the nearest neighbour and spherical contact distributions
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• An Optimal In-Situ Multipole Algorithm for the Isotropic Three-Point Correlation Functions
• DarkMix: Mixture Models for the Detection and Characterization of Dark Matter Halos
• Correlation between Outlying Halo Abundance and Host Halo Properties