The Dark Matter Annihilation Signal from Galactic Substructure: Predictions for GLAST

Abstract

We present quantitative predictions for the detectability of individual Galactic dark matter subhalos in gamma-rays from dark matter pair annihilations in their centers. Our method is based on a hybrid approach, employing the highest resolution numerical simulations available (including the recently completed one billion particle Via Lactea II simulation) as well as analytical models for the extrapolation beyond the simulations' resolution limit. We include a self-consistent treatment of subhalo boost factors, motivated by our numerical results, and a realistic treatment of the expected backgrounds that individual subhalos must outshine. We show that for reasonable values of the dark matter particle physics parameters (M_X ~ 50 - 500 GeV and <sigma*v> ~ 10^-26 - 10^-25 cm^3/s) GLAST may very well discover a few, even up to several dozen, such subhalos, at 5 sigma significance, and some at more than 20 sigma. We predict that the majority of luminous sources would be resolved with GLAST's expected angular resolution. For most observer locations the angular distribution of detectable subhalos is consistent with a uniform distribution across the sky. The brightest subhalos tend to be massive (median Vmax of 24 km/s) and therefore likely hosts of dwarf galaxies, but many subhalos with Vmax as low as 5 km/s are also visible. Typically detectable subhalos are 20 - 40 kpc from the observer, and only a small fraction are closer than 10 kpc. The total number of observable subhalos has not yet converged in our simulations, and we estimate that we may be missing up to 3/4 of all detectable subhalos.

19 pages, 12 figures, ApJ accepted, a version with higher resolution figures can be downloaded from http://www.sns.ias.edu/~mqk/transfer/VL2_GLAST_predictions.pdf

References in corpus (71)

• Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Three Year Results: Implications for Cosmology
• Particle Dark Matter: Evidence, Candidates and Constraints
• Supersymmetric Dark Matter
• Profiles of dark haloes: evolution, scatter, and environment
• High-Energy-Physics Event Generation with PYTHIA 6.1
• Concentrations of Dark Halos from their Assembly Histories
• Propagation of cosmic-ray nucleons in the Galaxy
• Response of dark matter halos to condensation of baryons: cosmological simulations and improved adiabatic contraction model
• DarkSUSY: Computing Supersymmetric Dark Matter Properties Numerically
• Clumps and streams in the local dark matter distribution
• EGRET Observations of the Extragalactic Gamma Ray Emission
• Observability of Gamma Rays from Dark Matter Neutralino Annihilations in the Milky Way Halo
• Formation and evolution of galaxy dark matter halos and their substructure
• Concentration, Spin and Shape of Dark Matter Haloes: Scatter and the Dependence on Mass and Environment
• Diffuse Galactic continuum gamma rays. A model compatible with EGRET data and cosmic-ray measurements
• Secondary antiprotons and propagation of cosmic rays in the Galaxy and heliosphere
• Dark matter substructure and gamma-ray annihilation in the Milky Way halo
• Halo Substructure And The Power Spectrum
• Microwave ISM Emission Observed by WMAP
• Cosmological dark matter annihilations into gamma-rays - a closer look
• The first WIMPy halos
• A Revised Model for the Formation of Disk Galaxies: Low Spin and Dark-Halo Expansion
• New Gamma-Ray Contributions to Supersymmetric Dark Matter Annihilation
• The Small-Scale Power Spectrum of Cold Dark Matter
• Multi-frequency analysis of neutralino dark matter annihilations in the Coma cluster
• Convergence and scatter of cluster density profiles
• Full One-loop Calculation of Neutralino Annihilation into Two Photons
• What mass are the smallest protohalos?
• Cusps in CDM halos
• H.E.S.S. observations of the Galactic Center region and their possible dark matter interpretation
• A "Baedecker" for the Dark Matter Annihilation Signal
• Dark matter annihilation in the halo of the Milky Way
• Dark Matter Spikes and Annihilation Radiation from the Galactic Center
• Dark Matter Profile in the Galactic Center
• Precise constraints on the dark matter content of Milky Way dwarf galaxies for gamma-ray experiments
• Clumpy Neutralino Dark Matter
• The distribution and kinematics of early high-sigma peaks in present-day haloes: implications for rare objects and old stellar populations
• Evidence Of Dark Matter Annihilations In The WMAP Haze
• The distribution of cosmic-ray sources in the Galaxy, gamma-rays, and the gradient in the CO-to-H2 relation
• Spectral Gamma-ray Signatures of Cosmological Dark Matter Annihilation
• Dark matter subhalos and the dwarf satellites of the Milky Way
• A New Signature of Dark Matter Annihilations: Gamma-Rays from Intermediate-Mass Black Holes
• Observation of Gamma Rays from the Galactic Center with the MAGIC Telescope
• The Most Dark Matter Dominated Galaxies: Predicted Gamma-ray Signals from the Faintest Milky Way Dwarfs
• Detecting dark matter WIMPs in the Draco dwarf: a multi-wavelength perspective
• Early supersymmetric cold dark matter substructure
• The shapes, orientation, and alignment of Galactic dark matter subhalos
• Neutralino annihilation into gamma-rays in the Milky Way and in external galaxies
• The Clumpiness of Cold Dark Matter: Implications for the Annihilation Signal
• The Galactic Center as a Dark Matter Gamma-Ray Source
• The surface brightness of dark matter: unique signatures of neutralino annihilation in the Galactic halo
• High Energy Gamma--Radiation from the Galactic Center due to Neutralino Annihilation
• TeV gamma-rays and the largest masses and annihilation cross sections of neutralino dark matter
• Full calculation of clumpiness boost factors for antimatter cosmic rays in the light of Lambda-CDM N-body simulation results
• Dark Matter Annihilation in Substructures Revised
• Two body relaxation in CDM simulations
• Detection of Neutralino Annihilation Photons from External Galaxies
• Dark Matter Subhaloes in Numerical Simulations
• The Detectability of Neutralino Clumps via Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes
• The Bar-Halo Interaction - II. Secular evolution and the religion of N-body simulations
• The observability of gamma-rays from neutralino annihilations in Milky Way substructure
• Statistics of Cosmological Black Hole Jet Sources: Blazar Predictions for GLAST
• Diffuse inverse Compton and synchrotron emission from dark matter annihilations in galactic satellites
• Upper limit for gamma-ray emission above 140 GeV from the dwarf spheroidal galaxy Draco
• Can Astrophysical Gamma Ray Sources Mimic Dark Matter Annihilation in Galactic Satellites?
• Non-thermal Cosmic Backgrounds from Blazars: the contribution to the CMB, X-ray and gamma-ray Backgrounds
• Limits on Supersymmetric Dark Matter From EGRET Observations of the Galactic Center Region
• Proper motion of gamma-rays from microhalo sources
• An optimum time-stepping scheme for N-body simulations
• Dark Matter annihilation in Draco: new considerations of the expected gamma flux
• Gamma-Ray Constraints on Neutralino Dark Matter Clumps in the Galactic Halo

Cited by in corpus (132)

• The Aquarius Project: the subhalos of galactic halos
• Halos and galaxies in the standard cosmological model: results from the Bolshoi simulation
• The Diversity and Similarity of Simulated Cold Dark Matter Halos
• Dark matter and cosmic structure
• Not so lumpy after all: modeling the depletion of dark matter subhalos by Milky Way-like galaxies
• ELVIS: Exploring the Local Volume in Simulations
• Disruption of Dark Matter Substructure: Fact or Fiction?
• A Complete Spectroscopic Survey of the Milky Way Satellite Segue 1: The Darkest Galaxy
• Dark Matter Substructure in Numerical Simulations: A Tale of Discreteness Noise, Runaway Instabilities, and Artificial Disruption
• The Mass-Concentration-Redshift Relation of Cold Dark Matter Halos
• The impact of dark matter cusps and cores on the satellite galaxy population around spiral galaxies
• Galactic Searches for Dark Matter
• The flattening of the concentration-mass relation towards low halo masses and its implications for the annihilation signal boost
• Gamma Ray Signals from Dark Matter: Concepts, Status and Prospects
• The Phoenix Project: the Dark Side of Rich Galaxy Clusters
• Constraints on Dark Matter Annihilation in Clusters of Galaxies with the Fermi Large Area Telescope
• SubHaloes going Notts: The SubHalo-Finder Comparison Project
• The MultiDark Database: Release of the Bolshoi and MultiDark Cosmological Simulations
• Search for Spatial Extension in High-Latitude Sources Detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope
• Implications of High-Resolution Simulations on Indirect Dark Matter Searches
• Search for Dark Matter Satellites using the FERMI-LAT
• MAGIC Gamma-ray Telescope Observation of the Perseus Cluster of Galaxies: implications for cosmic rays, dark matter, and NGC1275
• Indirect and direct search for dark matter
• The nature of the Diffuse Gamma-Ray Background
• Identifying Local Group Field Galaxies which have interacted with the Milky Way
• Hierarchical Formation of Dark Matter Halos and the Free Streaming Scale
• Where will supersymmetric dark matter first be seen?
• Constraining Very Heavy Dark Matter Using Diffuse Backgrounds of Neutrinos and Cascaded Gamma Rays
• Galactic Substructure and Dark Matter Annihilation in the Milky Way Halo
• Dark matter searches with Cherenkov telescopes: nearby dwarf galaxies or local galaxy clusters?
• A dark matter disc in three cosmological simulations of Milky Way mass galaxies
• Anisotropies in the diffuse gamma-ray background measured by the Fermi LAT
• Turning the Tides on the Ultra-Faint Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies: Coma Berenices and Ursa Major II
• Density Profiles of CDM Microhalos and their Implications for Annihilation Boost Factors
• Dark matter profiles and annihilation in dwarf spheroidal galaxies: prospectives for present and future gamma-ray observatories - I. The classical dSphs
• Constraints on dark matter annihilation from CMB observations before Planck
• Direct Detection of Dark Matter Debris Flows
• The Pulsar Contribution to the Gamma-Ray Background
• Dark Matter Annihilation Rates with Velocity-Dependent Annihilation Cross Sections
• Bounds on Dark Matter Interactions with Electroweak Gauge Bosons
• Exploring Dark Matter with Milky Way substructure
• Search for extended gamma-ray emission from the Virgo galaxy cluster with Fermi-LAT
• The Graininess of Dark Matter Haloes
• Dark matter in the solar system I: The distribution function of WIMPs at the Earth from solar capture
• Revealing dark matter substructure with anisotropies in the diffuse gamma-ray background
• Can filamentary accretion explain the orbital poles of the Milky Way satellites?
• Stringent Constraints On The Dark Matter Annihilation Cross Section From Subhalo Searches With The Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope
• Gamma-ray background anisotropy from galactic dark matter substructure
• Dark Matter Subhalos In the Fermi First Source Catalog
• Unidentified sources in the Fermi-LAT second source catalog: the case for DM subhalos
• Examining The Fermi-LAT Third Source Catalog In Search Of Dark Matter Subhalos
• The 21 cm signal and the interplay between dark matter annihilations and astrophysical processes
• CLUMPY v3: $\gamma$-ray and $\nu$ signals from dark matter at all scales
• Boosting the annihilation boost: Tidal effects on dark matter subhalos and consistent luminosity modeling
• Characterization of Dark-Matter-induced anisotropies in the diffuse gamma-ray background
• Upper Limits on the VHE gamma-ray Emission from the Willman 1 Satellite Galaxy with the MAGIC telescope
• Dark Matter Disc Enhanced Neutrino Fluxes from the Sun and Earth
• Robust identification of isotropic diffuse gamma rays from Galactic dark matter
• Searching for Dark Matter with X-ray Observations of Local Dwarf Galaxies
• Complementarity of direct dark matter detection and indirect detection through gamma-rays
• Dark matter substructure modelling and sensitivity of the Cherenkov Telescope Array to Galactic dark halos
• Modeling dark matter subhalos in a constrained galaxy: Global mass and boosted annihilation profiles
• Searching For Dark Matter Subhalos In the Fermi-LAT Second Source Catalog
• Dark matter in the classical dwarf spheroidal galaxies: a robust constraint on the astrophysical factor for gamma-ray flux calculations
• Substructure Boosts to Dark Matter Annihilation from Sommerfeld Enhancement
• Constraining dark matter annihilation with the isotropic $\gamma$-ray background: updated limits and future potential
• Constraints on WIMP and Sommerfeld-Enhanced Dark Matter Annihilation from HESS Observations of the Galactic Center
• Probing small-scale cosmological fluctuations with the 21 cm forest: effects of neutrino mass, running spectral index and warm dark matter
• Dark matter subhaloes as gamma-ray sources and candidates in the first Fermi-LAT catalogue
• An evidence for indirect detection of dark matter from galaxy clusters in Fermi-LAT data
• Dissipational versus Dissipationless Galaxy Formation and the Dark Matter Content of Galaxies
• Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope: High-Energy Results from the First Year
• Annihilation vs. Decay: Constraining dark matter properties from a gamma-ray detection
• The Cosmic Evolution of Faint Satellite Galaxies as a Test of Galaxy Formation and the Nature of Dark Matter
• Dark matter annihilation radiation in hydrodynamic simulations of Milky Way haloes
• Galaxy Clusters as Reservoirs of Heavy Dark Matter and High-Energy Cosmic Rays: Constraints from Neutrino Observations
• Dissecting the Gamma-Ray Background in Search of Dark Matter
• Search for $\gamma$-ray emission from dark matter particle interactions from Andromeda and Triangulum Galaxies with the Fermi Large Area Telescope
• The Dark Matter Annihilation Signal from Dwarf Galaxies and Subhalos
• LCDM halo substructure properties revealed with high resolution and large volume cosmological simulations
• Confronting Galactic and Extragalactic $\gamma$-ray observed by Fermi-LAT with Annihilating Dark Matter in Inert Higgs Doublet Model
• Is The Gamma-Ray Source 3FGL J2212.5+0703 A Dark Matter Subhalo?
• Signatures of clumpy dark matter in the global 21 cm background signal
• Gamma rays and neutrinos from dark matter annihilation in galaxy clusters
• Gamma Rays From Dark Matter Subhalos Revisited: Refining the Predictions and Constraints
• Power spectrum for the small-scale Universe
• Fermi-LAT Sensitivity to Dark Matter Annihilation in Via Lactea II Substructure
• Constraining Dark Matter in Galactic Substructure
• Cross-Correlation of the Extragalactic Gamma-ray Background with Luminous Red Galaxies
• Non-universality of halo profiles and implications for dark matter experiments
• Cosmic-ray electron signatures of dark matter
• The detectability of dark matter annihilation with Fermi using the anisotropy energy spectrum of the gamma-ray background
• Subhaloes in Scale-Free Cosmologies
• The Sensitivity of the IceCube Neutrino Detector to Dark Matter Annihilating in Dwarf Galaxies
• The Effects of Halo-to-Halo Variation on Substructure Lensing
• Running with BICEP2: Implications for Small-Scale Problems in CDM
• Entering the Era of Dark Matter Astronomy? Near to Long-Term Forecasts in X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Bands
• Hierarchy in the Phase Space and Dark Matter Astronomy
• Dark Matter decay and annihilation in the Local Universe: CLUES from Fermi
• Clustering in the Phase Space of Dark Matter Haloes. II. Stable Clustering and Dark Matter Annihilation
• Re-Examining Astrophysical Constraints on the Dark Matter Model
• Pushing down the low-mass halo concentration frontier with the Lomonosov cosmological simulations
• Gamma-ray anisotropies from dark matter in the Milky Way: the role of the radial distribution
• Evidence for Substructure in Ursa Minor Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy using a Bayesian Object Detection Method
• Through a Smoother Lens: An expected absence of LCDM substructure detections from hydrodynamic and dark matter only simulations
• Gamma-ray signatures of annihilation to charged leptons in dark matter substructure
• Gravitational Nanolensing from Subsolar Mass Dark Matter Halos
• Dark Matter Identification with Gamma Rays from Dwarf Galaxies
• Exploring the non-linear density field in the Millennium simulations with tessellations - I. The probability distribution function
• Future sensitivity of neutrino telescopes to dark matter annihilations from the cosmic diffuse neutrino signal
• 3FGL J1924.8-1034 : A Spatially-Extended Stable Unidentified GeV Source?
• Search for Dark Matter Gamma-ray Emission from the Andromeda Galaxy with the High-Altitude Water Cherenkov Observatory
• Boosting small-scale structure via primordial black holes and implications for sub-GeV dark matter annihilation
• Heating of galactic gas by dark matter annihilation in ultracompact minihalos
• Limits on Dark Matter annihilation cross sections to gamma-ray lines with subhalo distribution in N-body simulation and Fermi LAT data
• Testing the dark matter subhalo hypothesis of the gamma-ray source 3FGL J2212.5+0703
• Harnessing the Population Statistics of Subhalos to Search for Annihilating Dark Matter
• Classification of gamma-ray targets for velocity-dependent and subhalo-boosted dark-matter annihilation
• Can substructure in the Galactic Halo explain the ATIC and PAMELA results?
• Can galactic dark matter substructure contribute to the cosmic gamma-ray anisotropy?
• Gamma ray and Neutrino fluxes from a cosmological dark matter simulation
• Dark Matter Annihilation Feedback in cosmological simulations I: Code convergence and idealised halos
• The Structure of Cold Dark Matter Halos: Recent Insights from High Resolution Simulations
• Smallest Halos in Thermal Wino Dark Matter
• Statistics for dark matter subhalo searches in gamma rays from a kinematically constrained population model: Fermi-LAT-like telescopes
• The Convergence of Particle-in-Cell Schemes for Cosmological Dark Matter Simulations
• Spherical harmonics analysis of Fermi gamma-ray data and the Galactic dark matter halo
• The Dark Matter Contribution to Galactic Diffuse Gamma Ray Emission
• Analytical insight into dark matter subhalo boost factors for Sommerfeld-enhanced $s$- and $p$-wave $\gamma$-ray signals
• An Interpretation of the Cosmic Ray $e^{+}+e^{-}$ Spectrum from 10 GeV to 3 TeV Measured by CALET on the ISS
• Halo cluster shapes: Insights from simulated galaxies and ICL with prospects for weak lensing applications
• Perspective of Galactic dark matter subhalo detection on Fermi from the EGRET observation