A solid state light-matter interface at the single photon level

Abstract

Coherent and reversible mapping of quantum information between light and matter is an important experimental challenge in quantum information science. In particular, it is a decisive milestone for the implementation of quantum networks and quantum repeaters. So far, quantum interfaces between light and atoms have been demonstrated with atomic gases, and with single trapped atoms in cavities. Here we demonstrate the coherent and reversible mapping of a light field with less than one photon per pulse onto an ensemble of 10 millions atoms naturally trapped in a solid. This is achieved by coherently absorbing the light field in a suitably prepared solid state atomic medium. The state of the light is mapped onto collective atomic excitations on an optical transition and stored for a pre-programmed time up of to 1 mu s before being released in a well defined spatio-temporal mode as a result of a collective interference. The coherence of the process is verified by performing an interference experiment with two stored weak pulses with a variable phase relation. Visibilities of more than 95% are obtained, which demonstrates the high coherence of the mapping process at the single photon level. In addition, we show experimentally that our interface allows one to store and retrieve light fields in multiple temporal modes. Our results represent the first observation of collective enhancement at the single photon level in a solid and open the way to multimode solid state quantum memories as a promising alternative to atomic gases.

5 pages, 5 figures, version submitted on June 27 2008

References in corpus (9)

• Experimental demonstration of quantum memory for light
• Multimode quantum memory based on atomic frequency combs
• Quantum Repeaters with Photon Pair Sources and Multi-Mode Memories
• Quantum memory for squeezed light
• Universal Approach to Optimal Photon Storage in Atomic Media
• Reversible state transfer between light and a single trapped atom
• Mapping broadband single-photon wavepackets into an atomic memory
• Experimental quantum state tomography of a solid state qubit
• Interference of multi-mode photon echoes generated in spatially separated solid-state atomic ensembles

Cited by in corpus (257)

• Quantum Computing
• Electromagnetically Induced Transparency and Slow Light with Optomechanics
• Quantum interface between light and atomic ensembles
• Multimode quantum memory based on atomic frequency combs
• Broadband waveguide quantum memory for entangled photons
• Quantum Storage of Photonic Entanglement in a Crystal
• Quantum Memories. A Review based on the European Integrated Project "Qubit Applications (QAP)"
• Coherent optical wavelength conversion via cavity-optomechanics
• Bidirectional conversion between microwave and light via ferromagnetic magnons
• Magnon dark modes and gradient memory
• Towards high-speed optical quantum memories
• Coherence time of over a second in a telecom-compatible quantum memory storage material
• Telecom-heralded entanglement between remote multimode solid-state quantum memories
• Prospective applications of optical quantum memories
• Demonstration of atomic frequency comb memory for light with spin-wave storage
• On the genesis and evolution of Integrated Quantum Optics
• Quantum storage of entangled telecom-wavelength photons in an erbium-doped optical fibre
• Single-photon-level quantum memory at room temperature
• One-hour coherent optical storage in an atomic frequency comb memory
• Towards real-world quantum networks: a review
• Impedance-matched cavity quantum memory
• Quantum Communication Using Semiconductor Quantum Dots
• A solid state spin-wave quantum memory for time-bin qubits
• Telecommunication-wavelength solid-state memory at the single photon level
• Mapping multiple photonic qubits into and out of one solid-state atomic ensemble
• Coherent properties of single rare-earth spin qubits
• Experimental realization of a multiplexed quantum memory with 225 individually accessible memory cells
• Storage of multiple coherent microwave excitations in an electron spin ensemble
• Optically addressing single rare-earth ions in a nanophotonic cavity
• Quantum photonics at telecom wavelengths based on lithium niobate waveguides
• High-Resolution Correlation Spectroscopy of 13C Spins Near a Nitrogen-Vacancy Center in Diamond
• Realization of reliable solid-state quantum memory for photonic polarization-qubit
• Photonic quantum state transfer between a cold atomic gas and a crystal
• Heralded quantum entanglement between two crystals
• Quantum Storage of a Photonic Polarization Qubit in a Solid
• Quantum Repeaters based on Single Trapped Ions
• Cavity-enhanced storage in an optical spin-wave memory
• Rare-Earth Molecular Crystals with Ultra-narrow Optical Linewidths for Photonic Quantum Technologies
• Highly multimode memory in a crystal
• Parallel single-shot measurement and coherent control of solid-state spins below the diffraction limit
• Quantum Storage of Frequency-Multiplexed Heralded Single Photons
• Revival of Silenced Echo and Quantum Memory for Light
• Detection, spectroscopy and state preparation of a single praseodymium ion in a crystal
• Entanglement over global distances via quantum repeaters with satellite links
• A Waveguide Frequency Converter Connecting Rubidium Based Quantum Memories to the Telecom C-Band
• Efficient multi-mode quantum memory based on photon echo in optimal QED cavity
• Storage and retrieval of ultrafast single photons using a room-temperature diamond quantum memory
• Measurement-based quantum repeaters
• Solid-state ensemble of highly entangled photon sources at rubidium atomic transitions
• Quantum optical waveform conversion
• Polarization entangled photon-pair source based on a type-II PPLN waveguide emitting at a telecom wavelength
• A multiplexed light-matter interface for fibre-based quantum networks
• Quantum storage of polarization qubits in birefringent and anisotropically absorbing materials
• Entanglement distribution over 150 km in wavelength division multiplexed channels for quantum cryptography
• On-demand quantum storage of photonic qubits in an on-chip waveguide
• Why the two-pulse photon echo is not a good quantum memory protocol
• Solid state source of non-classical photon pairs with embedded multimode quantum memory
• Fast, noise-free memory for photon synchronization at room temperature
• Quantum Storage of Heralded Single Photons in a Praseodymium Doped Crystal
• Nanophotonic quantum storage at telecommunications wavelength
• Atom-Resonant Heralded Single Photons by Interaction-Free Measurement
• Efficiency optimization for Atomic Frequency Comb storage
• Light scattering from dense cold atomic media
• Multi-pulse addressing of a Raman quantum memory: configurable beam splitting and efficient readout
• Mapping spin coherence of a single rare-earth ion in a crystal onto a single photon polarization state
• Experimental demonstration of memory-enhanced scaling for entanglement connection of quantum repeater segments
• Experimental detection of quantum coherent evolution through the violation of Leggett-Garg-type inequalities
• Efficient light storage in a crystal using an Atomic Frequency Comb
• Waveguide-based OPO source of entangled photon pairs
• Strong coupling cavity QED using rare-earth-ion dopants in monolithic resonators: what you can do with a weak oscillator
• Photon echo quantum memories in inhomogeneously broadened two level atoms
• Coherent Storage of Temporally Multimode Light Using a Spin-Wave Atomic Frequency Comb Memory
• Optimal Storage and Retrieval of Single-Photon Waveforms
• On-chip storage of broadband photonic qubits in a cavity-protected rare-earth ensemble
• First principles predictions of magneto-optical data for semiconductor defects: the case of divacancy defects in 4H-SiC
• Dynamic control of Purcell enhanced emission of erbium ions in nanoparticles
• Towards an eficient atomic frequency comb quantum memory
• Single-photon-level optical storage in a solid-state spin-wave memory
• Controlling single rare earth ion emission in an electro-optical nanocavity
• Optical spin-wave storage in a solid-state hybridized electron-nuclear spin ensemble
• A cold atom temporally multiplexed quantum memory with cavity-enhanced noise suppression
• Approaches for a quantum memory at telecommunication wavelengths
• Spectroscopic investigations of a Ti:Tm:LiNbO3 waveguide for photon-echo quantum memory
• Spatial mode storage in a gradient echo memory
• Practical Quantum Repeaters with Parametric Down-Conversion Sources
• Storage and retrieval of microwave fields at the single-photon level in a spin ensemble
• Quantum repeaters in space
• Generation of polarization entangled photons using type-II doubly periodically poled lithium niobate waveguides
• An integrated processor for photonic quantum states using a broadband light-matter interface
• All-optical preparation of coherent dark states of a single rare earth ion spin in a crystal
• Elimination of Noise in Optically Rephased Photon Echoes
• Characterization of ${}^{171}Y{b}^{3+}:YV{O}_4$ for photonic quantum technologies
• Experimental entanglement of 25 individually accessible atomic quantum interfaces
• Quantum Nonlinear Optics in Atomically Thin Materials
• Experimental realization of 105-qubit random access quantum memory
• Multimode capacity of atomic-frequency comb quantum memories
• High capacity spatial multimode quantum memories based on atomic ensembles
• Engineering Long-Lived Collective Dark States in Spin Ensembles
• Conditional detection of pure quantum states of light after storage in a waveguide
• Field-deployable Quantum Memory for Quantum Networking
• Collective polaritonic modes in an array of two-level quantum emitters coupled to optical nanofiber
• Storage and recall of weak coherent optical pulses with an efficiency of 25%
• Compact source of narrow-band counterpropagating polarization-entangled photon pairs using a single dual-periodically poled crystal
• Reliable coherent optical memory based on a laser-written waveguide
• Faithful Solid State Optical Memory with Dynamically Decoupled Spin Wave Storage
• Improved Light-Matter Interaction for Storage of Quantum States of Light in a Thulium-Doped Crystal Cavity
• On-demand Integrated Quantum Memory for Polarization Qubits
• Non-classical photon streams using rephased amplified spontaneous emission
• Electric field manipulation enhanced by strong spin-orbit coupling: promoting rare-earth ions as qubits
• Nonreciprocal slow or fast light in anti-$\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$-symmetric optomechanics
• Light storage based on four-wave mixing and electromagnetically induced transparency in cold atoms
• Controlled rephasing of single collective spin excitations in a cold atomic quantum memory
• Strong coupling of an Er3+ doped YAlO3 crystal to a superconducting resonator
• Temporally multiplexed quantum repeaters with atomic gases
• Optical quantum memory with generalized time-reversible atom-light interactions
• Off-resonant Raman echo quantum memory on atoms with natural inhomogeneous broadening in optical QED cavity
• An AC Stark Gradient Echo Memory in Cold Atoms
• Efficient optical pumping of Zeeman spin levels in Nd3+:YVO4
• On-Demand Storage and Retrieval of Microwave Photons Using a Superconducting Multiresonator Quantum Memory
• Extending Phenomenological Crystal-Field Methods to $C_1$ Point-Group Symmetry: Characterization of the Optically-Excited Hyperfine Structure of ${}^{167}$Er${}^{3+}$:Y${}_2$SiO${}_5$
• Spin Wave Storage using Chirped Control Fields in Atomic Frequency Comb based Quantum Memory
• Two-photon interference of weak coherent laser pulses recalled from separate solid-state quantum memories
• Tm${}^{3+}$:Y${}_3$Ga${}_5$O${}_{12}$ materials for spectrally multiplexed quantum memories
• A photon-pair source with controllable delay based on shaped inhomogeneous broadening of rare-earth doped solids
• Multiple images storage and frequency conversion in a cold atomic ensemble
• Efficient single-photon frequency conversion in the microwave domain using superconducting quantum circuits
• Optimizing inhomogeneous spin ensembles for quantum memory
• Exciton-assisted optomechanics with suspended carbon nanotubes
• Photon echo with a few photons in two-level atoms
• Towards highly efficient broadband superconducting quantum memory
• High fidelity readout scheme for rare-earth solid state quantum computing
• Collective coupling of a macroscopic number of single-molecule magnets with a microwave cavity mode
• High speed spatially multimode atomic memory
• Entanglement between more than two hundred macroscopic atomic ensembles in a solid
• Stark Echo Modulation for Quantum Memories
• Detection of single ions in a nanoparticle coupled to a fiber cavity
• Efficient cavity-assisted storage of photonic qubits in a solid-state quantum memory
• A millisecond integrated quantum memory for photonic qubits
• Gravitational and Relativistic Deflection of X-Ray Superradiance
• Hybrid Quantum Systems with Collectively Coupled Spin States: Suppression of Decoherence through Spectral Hole Burning
• A perspective on the pathway to a scalable quantum internet using rare-earth ions
• Multiresonator quantum memory-interface
• Transmission of light-matter entanglement over a metropolitan network
• Ultra-low noise quantum memory for quasi-deterministic single photons generated by Rydberg collective atomic excitations
• Spectral hole burning for stopping light
• Light storage protocols in Tm:YAG
• All-optical photon echo and memory on a chip
• High speed spatially multimode Lambda-type atomic memory with arbitrary frequency detuning
• Coherent Optical Memory Baesd on A Laser-written On-chip Waveguide
• Quantum storage via refractive index control
• Mixing of coherent waves on a single three-level artificial atom
• High-bandwidth quantum memory protocol for storing single photons in rare-earth doped crystals
• High connectivity quantum processor nodes using single-ion-qubits in rare-earth-ion-doped crystals
• Photon echo quantum memory with complete use of natural inhomogeneous broadening
• Variational Renormalization Group for Dissipative Spin-Cavity Systems: Periodic Pulses of Nonclassical Photons from Mesoscopic Spin Ensembles
• Spectral-Topological Superefficient Quantum Memory
• A spectral hole memory for light at the single photon level
• Fundamental limitations in spin-ensemble quantum memories for cavity fields
• Preparing Narrow Velocity Distributions for Quantum Memories in Room-Temperature Alkali Vapours
• Scalable time reversal of Raman echo quantum memory and quantum waveform conversion of light pulse
• Sustained photon pulse revivals from inhomogeneously broadened spin ensembles
• Broadband quantum memory in a cavity via zero spectral dispersion
• Toward a Quantum Memory in a Fiber Cavity Controlled by Intracavity Frequency Translation
• Multimode electromagnetically-induced transparency on a single atomic line
• Deterministic Generation of Multipartite Entanglement via Causal Activation in the Quantum Internet
• Coherence Time Extension by Large Scale Optical Spin Polarization in a Rare-Earth Doped Crystal
• Electron-Nuclear Interactions as a Test of Crystal-Field Parameters for Low Symmetry Systems: Zeeman-Hyperfine Spectroscopy of Ho${}^{3+}$ Doped Y${}_2$SiO${}_5$
• Modification of phonon processes in nanostructured rare-earth-ion-doped crystals
• Room Temperature Atomic Frequency Comb Memory for Light
• Creating Single Collective Atomic Excitations via Spontaneous Raman Emission in Inhomogeneously Broadened Systems : Beyond the Adiabatic Approximation
• Emission of photon echoes in a strongly scattering medium
• Prediction of the Optical Polarization and High Field Hyperfine Structure Via a Parametrized Crystal-Field Model for the Low Symmetry Centers in Er${}^{3+}$ Doped Y${}_2$SiO${}_5$
• Sub-kHz-level relative stabilization of an intracavity doubled continuous wave optical parametric oscillator using Pound-Drever-Hall scheme
• Dissipation enabled efficient excitation transfer from a single photon to a single quantum emitter
• On-demand multimode optical storage in a laser-written on-chip waveguide
• Coherent response to optical excitation in a rare-earth ion doped crystal
• Quantum networks using rare-earth ions
• Spectral Multiplexing of Rare-earth Emitters in a Co-doped Crystalline Membrane
• Optical quantum memory on macroscopic coherence
• Precision requirements for spin-echo based quantum memories
• Setting a disordered password on a photonic memory
• Photonic quantum memory using an intra-atomic frequency comb
• Approach to accurately measuring the speed of optical precursors
• Storage and Retrieval of Light Pulses in a Fast-Light Medium via Active Raman Gain
• A versatile design for resonant guided-wave parametric down-conversion sources for quantum repeaters
• Efficient spectral hole-burning and atomic frequency comb storage in Nd3+:YLiF4
• Narrowband photon pairs with independent frequency tuning for quantum light-matter interactions
• Superefficient cascade multiresonator quantum memory
• Broadband Quantum Memory in Atomic Ensembles
• Transverse Mode Revival of a Light-Compensated Quantum Memory
• Theory of cavity-enhanced non-destructive detection of photonic qubits in a solid-state atomic ensemble
• Atomic-frequency-comb quantum memory via piecewise adiabatic passage
• Proposal for transduction between microwave and optical photons using ${}^{167}\mathrm{Er}$-doped yttrium orthosilicate
• A fast, high-order numerical method for the simulation of single-excitation states in quantum optics
• Spontaneous emission dynamics of $E{u}^{3+}$ ions coupled to hyperbolic metamaterials
• Magnetically tuned, robust and efficient filtering system for spatially multimode quantum memory in warm atomic vapors
• Adiabatic passage in photon-echo quantum memories
• Sub-nanometer optical linewidth of thulium atoms in rare gas crystals
• Collective atom phase controls in photon echoes for quantum memory applications I: Population inversion removal
• Microscopic treatment of instantaneous spectral diffusion and its effect on quantum gate fidelities in rare-earth-ion-doped crystals
• Velocity Scanning Tomography for Room-Temperature Quantum Simulation
• Proposed solid-state Faraday anomalous-dispersion optical filter
• Frequency-multiplexed Hong-Ou-Mandel interference
• Experimental observation of optical precursors in optically pumped crystals
• Optimal control of non-Markovian dynamics in a single-mode cavity strongly coupled to an inhomogeneously broadened spin ensemble
• Growth and Spectroscopy of Lanthanide Doped Y${}_2$SiO${}_5$ Microcrystals for Quantum Information Processing
• Optical quantum memory for polarization qubits with V-type three-level atoms
• Hybrid optical and electronic laser locking using spectral hole burning
• Renormalization group analysis of near-field induced dephasing of optical spin waves in an atomic medium
• Bragg-Grating Enhanced Narrow-Band Spontaneous Parametric Down Conversion
• Remote Quantum Networks based on Quantum Memories
• Uniting Quantum Processing Nodes of Cavity-coupled Ions with Rare-earth Quantum Repeaters Using Single-photon Pulse Shaping Based on Atomic Frequency Comb
• A Raman heterodyne determination of the magnetic anisotropy for the ground and optically excited states of Y${}_2$SiO${}_5$ doped with Sm${}^{3+}$
• Phase Locked Photon Echoes for Near-Perfect Retrieval Efficiency and Extended Storage Time
• Coherence rephasing combined with spin-wave storage using chirped control pulses
• Observation of collapse and revival in a superconducting atomic frequency comb
• Atomic-ensemble-based quantum memory for sideband modulations
• Storage and retrieval of a light in telecomband in a cold atomic ensemble
• Efficient integrated quantum memory for light
• Photon--Matter Quantum Correlations in Spontaneous Raman Scattering
• Robustness of intra-atomic frequency comb based quantum memory against fluctuating environment
• Roadmap for Rare-earth Quantum Computing
• Reproduction of the electronic and magnetic structure of the low symmetry sites of Y${}_2$SiO${}_5$ doped with Sm${}^{3+}$ via a parameterized crystal-field model
• Fidelity of Fock-state-encoded qubits subjected to continuous variable Gaussian processes
• Integrated multiresonator quantum memory
• Single photon transfer controlled by excitation phase in a two-atom cavity system
• A Metropolitan-scale Multiplexed Quantum Repeater with Bell Nonlocality
• Collective atom phase-controlled noise-free photon echoes using double rephasing and optical locking
• On-demand control of photon echoes far exceeding the spin coherence constraint via coherence swapping between optical and spin transitions
• Slow light enhanced photon echoes
• Provable Optimality of the Square-Tooth Atomic Frequency Comb Quantum Memory
• Analytical solutions for optimal photon absorption into inhomogeneous spin memories
• Deterministic photon storage and readout in a semimagnetic quantum-dot--cavity system doped with a single Mn ion
• Hyperfine interaction and coherence time of praseodymium ions at the site 2 in yttrium orthosilicate
• Phase Locked Photon Echoes for Extended Storage Time
• Analysis of Controlled Photon Storage Time Using Phase Locking by Atomic Population Transfer
• Photon echoes in strongly scattering media: a diagrammatic approach
• Broadband and long-duration optical memory in Yb:YSO
• A controlled ac Stark echo for quantum memories
• Hybrid quantum memory leveraging slow-light and gradient-echo duality
• Nonclassical photon-pair source based on noiseless photon echo
• Spectrally improved controllable frequency comb quantum memory
• Analysis of Optical Deshelving in Photon Echo-based Quantum Memories
• Cavity-enhanced narrow bandwidth photon pairs generation at the telecom wavelength with a triple resonance configuration
• Analysis of controlled Rabi flopping in a double rephasing photon echo scheme for quantum memories
• Exponential enhancement of sensitivity in Ramsey interferometry with optically thick ensemble of atoms
• Single-Photon-Level Atomic Frequency Comb Storage in Room Temperature Alkali Vapour
• Optimal conditions and the dynamics of quantum memory for spatial frequency grating resonators
• Designing gate operations for single ion quantum computing in rare-earth-ion-doped crystals
• Extracting high fidelity quantum computer hardware from random systems
• Analysis of single-excitation states in quantum optics
• Periodic cavity state revivals from atomic frequency combs
• Nanofibers coated with Rare-Earth complexes
• Open-cavity in closed-cycle cryostat as a quantum optics platform
• Ultralong Efficient Photon Storage Using Optical Locking
• Wavelength convertible quantum memory satisfying ultralong photon storage and near perfect retrieval efficiency
• Photonic quantum information with time-bins: Principles and applications