Spectral Energy Distributions of High Mass Proto Stellar Objects - Evidence for High Accretion Rates

Abstract

The spectral energy distributions (SEDs), spanning the mid-infrared to millimeter wavelengths, of a sample of 13 high-mass protostellar objects (HMPOs) were studied using a large archive of 2-D axisymmetric radiative transfer models. Measurements from the Spitzer GLIMPSE and MIPSGAL surveys and the MSX survey were used in addition to our own surveys at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths to construct the SEDs, which were then fit to the archive of models. These models assumed that stars of all masses form via accretion and allowed us to make estimates for the masses, luminosities and envelope accretion rates for the HMPOs. The models fit the observed SEDs well. The implied envelope accretion rates are high, $\approx 10^{-2.5} \msun/yr$, consistent with the accretion-based scenario of massive star formation. With the fitted accretion rates and with mass estimates of up to $\sim 20 \msun$ for these objects, it appears plausible that stars with stellar masses $M_{\ast} > 20 \msun$ can form via accretion.

arXiv comment10 pages; 3 figures; 3 tables

References in corpus (23)

• Theory of Star Formation
• Toward Understanding Massive Star Formation
• Interpreting Spectral Energy Distributions from Young Stellar Objects. II. Fitting observed SEDs using a large grid of pre-computed models
• Interpreting Spectral Energy Distributions from Young Stellar Objects. I. A grid of 200,000 YSO model SEDs
• High-Mass Proto-Stellar Candidates - II : Density structure from dust continuum and CS emission
• High-Mass Proto-Stellar Candidates - I : The Sample and Initial Results
• 2-D Radiative Transfer in Protostellar Envelopes: I. Effects of Geometry on Class I Sources
• Massive molecular outflows
• 2-D Radiative Transfer in Protostellar Envelopes: II. An Evolutionary Sequence
• The Circumstellar Environment of High Mass Protostellar Objects. III Evidence of Infall?
• Collapse-Driven Outflow in Star-Forming Molecular Cores
• Observations on the Formation of Massive Stars by Accretion
• Infall of gas as the formation mechanism of stars up to 20 times more massive than the Sun
• The Circumstellar Environments of High-Mass Protostellar Objects I: Submillimetre Continuum Emission
• Embedded Star Formation in the Eagle Nebula with Spitzer/GLIMPSE
• Observations of Massive Star Forming Regions with Water Masers: Mid-Infrared Imaging
• Molecular Outflows and a Mid-Infrared Census of the Massive Star-Formation Region Associated with IRAS 18507+0121
• The Spitzer Survey of the Small Magellanic Cloud: Discovery of Embedded Protostars in the HII Region NGC 346
• Forming an Early O-type Star Through Gas Accretion?
• High Resolution Imaging of Molecular Outflows in Massive Young Stars
• Spitzer-IRAC GLIMPSE of high mass protostellar objects. I Infrared point sources and nebulae
• Observations and Modeling of the 2-25um Emission From High Mass Protostellar Object Candidates
• SED modeling of Young Massive Stars

Cited by in corpus (14)

• Evolution of Massive Protostars with High Accretion Rates
• ATLASGAL-selected massive clumps in the inner Galaxy: I. CO depletion and isotopic ratios
• VLA observations of ammonia in high-mass star formation regions
• Weak and Compact Radio Emission in Early High-Mass Star Forming Regions: I. VLA Observations
• Evolutionary study of complex organic molecules in high-mass star-forming regions
• Massive star formation by accretion I. Disc accretion
• Spitzer-IRAC GLIMPSE of high mass protostellar objects II - SED modelling of a bonafide sample
• LABOCA mapping of the infrared dark cloud MSXDC G304.74+01.32
• The seven most massive clumps in W43-Main as seen by ALMA: Dynamical equilibrium and Magnetic Fields
• Origin of the Lyman excess in early-type stars
• High-resolution images of two wiggling stellar jets, MHO 1502 and MHO 2147, obtained with GSAOI+GeMS
• Star burst in W49N presumably induced by cloud-cloud collision
• Hot Molecular Core Candidates in the Galactic Center 50 km/s Molecular Cloud
• Infrared observations of the flaring maser source G358.93-0.03 -- SOFIA confirms an accretion burst from a massive young stellar object