Social Force Model for Pedestrian Dynamics

Abstract

It is suggested that the motion of pedestrians can be described as if they would be subject to `social forces'. These `forces' are not directly exerted by the pedestrians' personal environment, but they are a measure for the internal motivations of the individuals to perform certain actions (movements). The corresponding force concept is discussed in more detail and can be also applied to the description of other behaviors. In the presented model of pedestrian behavior several force terms are essential: First, a term describing the acceleration towards the desired velocity of motion. Second, terms reflecting that a pedestrian keeps a certain distance to other pedestrians and borders. Third, a term modeling attractive effects. The resulting equations of motion are nonlinearly coupled Langevin equations. Computer simulations of crowds of interacting pedestrians show that the social force model is capable of describing the self-organization of several observed collective effects of pedestrian behavior very realistically.

For related work see http://www.theo2.physik.uni-stuttgart.de/helbing.html

References in corpus (1)

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• BGM: Building a Dynamic Guidance Map without Visual Images for Trajectory Prediction
• Simulation of Pedestrian Movements on Slope Using Fine Grid Cellular Automata
• Continuous utility factor in segregation models
• MATS: An Interpretable Trajectory Forecasting Representation for Planning and Control
• Safe Human-Interactive Control via Shielding
• Patterned Dynamics of Delay-Coupled Swarms with Random Communication Graphs
• Abnormal Event Detection and Location for Dense Crowds using Repulsive Forces and Sparse Reconstruction
• Handling congestion in crowd motion modeling
• Spatio-temporal Keyframe Control of Traffic Simulation using Coarse-to-Fine Optimization
• View Birdification in the Crowd: Ground-Plane Localization from Perceived Movements
• Multi-Agent Tensor Fusion for Contextual Trajectory Prediction
• Graph2Kernel Grid-LSTM: A Multi-Cued Model for Pedestrian Trajectory Prediction by Learning Adaptive Neighborhoods
• Crafting Realistic Virtual Humans: Unveiling Perspectives on Human Perception, Crowds, and Embodied Conversational Agents
• Towards Robust and Adaptive Motion Forecasting: A Causal Representation Perspective
• Using cognitive agent-based simulation for the evaluation of indoor wayfinding systems
• Agent-based modelling of sports riots
• Humans as Path-Finders for Safe Navigation
• Probabilistic Human Mobility Model in Indoor Environment
• Agent-based simulation of pedestrian behaviour in closed spaces: a museum case study
• Nematic alignment of self-propelled particles in the macroscopic regime
• Comparing first order microscopic and macroscopic crowd models for an increasing number of massive agents
• ECAM: A Contrastive Learning Approach to Avoid Environmental Collision in Trajectory Forecasting
• Collisionless and Decentralized Formation Control for Strings
• Minimally Invasive Social Navigation
• Long-Term On-Board Prediction of People in Traffic Scenes under Uncertainty
• RRT* Combined with GVO for Real-time Nonholonomic Robot Navigation in Dynamic Environment
• Discrepancies in Pedestrian Crossing of Static vs. Dynamic Crowds: An Experimental Study
• The Mean Field Kinetic Equation for Interacting Particle Systems with Non-Lipschitz Force
• UST: Unifying Spatio-Temporal Context for Trajectory Prediction in Autonomous Driving
• HSFM-$\Sigma$nn: Combining a Feedforward Motion Prediction Network and Covariance Prediction
• A logistic model for flowing particles
• Derivation and analysis of continuum models for crossing pedestrian traffic
• Data-Driven Distributed State Estimation and Behavior Modeling in Sensor Networks
• Multilevel and Multi-index Monte Carlo methods for the McKean-Vlasov equation
• Target Reaching Behaviour for Unfreezing the Robot in a Semi-Static and Crowded Environment
• A Fractional Micro-Macro Model for Crowds of Pedestrians based on Fractional Mean Field Games
• MCENET: Multi-Context Encoder Network for Homogeneous Agent Trajectory Prediction in Mixed Traffic
• The effect of social groups on the dynamics of bi-directional pedestrian flow: a numerical study
• Deep Crowd-Flow Prediction in Built Environments
• Impact of Impulse Stops on Pedestrian Flow
• A Spatial-Temporal Attentive Network with Spatial Continuity for Trajectory Prediction
• Detection of Collision-Prone Vehicle Behavior at Intersections using Siamese Interaction LSTM
• Safety-aware Motion Prediction with Unseen Vehicles for Autonomous Driving
• Towards Robust Human Trajectory Prediction in Raw Videos
• Autonomy 2.0: Why is self-driving always 5 years away?
• Go left or right? Explore the side preference behavior with circle antipode experiments
• A Kinetic Theory Approach to Model Pedestrian Dynamics in Bounded Domains with Obstacles
• Improving the Generalization of Unseen Crowd Behaviors for Reinforcement Learning based Local Motion Planners
• Learning a Group-Aware Policy for Robot Navigation
• Effects of Crowding Perception on Self-organized Pedestrian Flows Using Adaptive Agent-based Model
• Sample Efficient Social Navigation Using Inverse Reinforcement Learning
• Ordering leads to multiple fast tracks in simulated collective escape of human crowds
• Soft Attention: Does it Actually Help to Learn Social Interactions in Pedestrian Trajectory Prediction?
• Group-based Motion Prediction for Navigation in Crowded Environments
• Integrated Microsimulation Framework for Dynamic Pedestrian Movement Estimation in Mobility Hub
• A note on existence and asymptotic behavior of Lagrangian equilibria for first-order optimal-exit mean field games
• Reaching Consensus Among Mobile Agents: A Distributed Protocol for the Detection of Social Situations
• Bayesian Floor Field: Transferring people flow predictions across environments
• Bugs with Features: Vision-Based Fault-Tolerant Collective Motion Inspired by Nature
• Shaping up crowd of agents through controlling their statistical moments
• HMPCC: Human-Aware Model Predictive Coverage Control
• Empirical validation of the polarization transition in a double-random field model of elections
• Feasible Action-Space Reduction as a Metric of Causal Responsibility in Multi-Agent Spatial Interactions
• CosIn: A Statistical-based Algorithm for Computation of Space-speed Time Delay in Pedestrian Motion
• Stochastic and Coarse-Grained Two-Dimensional Modeling of Directional Particle Movement
• Foresee: Attentive Future Projections of Chaotic Road Environments with Online Training
• NaviGAN: A Generative Approach for Socially Compliant Navigation
• Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning Framework towards Multi-agent Navigation
• The Role of Data-driven Priors in Multi-agent Crowd Trajectory Estimation
• Scenario-Based Trajectory Optimization in Uncertain Dynamic Environments
• Human-Aware Navigation Planner for Diverse Human-Robot Contexts
• Modelling Crowd Dynamics: a Multiscale, Measure-theoretical Approach
• A Semi-Lagrangian scheme for a modified version of the Hughes model for pedestrian flow
• Collective patterns of pedestrians interacting with attractions
• Noise Induced Pattern Switching in Randomly Distributed Delayed Swarm Patterns
• Scenario Generalization of Data-driven Imitation Models in Crowd Simulation
• Online Planning in Uncertain and Dynamic Environment in the Presence of Multiple Mobile Vehicles
• Cognitive Agent Based Simulation Model For Improving Disaster Response Procedures
• Crowds reaching targets by maximizing entropy: a Clausius-Duhem inequality approach
• Collective thermoregulation in bee clusters
• Human motion trajectory prediction using the Social Force Model for real-time and low computational cost applications
• Predicting Human Trajectories by Learning and Matching Patterns
• Multi-agent reinforcement learning using echo-state network and its application to pedestrian dynamics
• Mild solutions to a measure-valued mass evolution problem with flux boundary conditions
• Essentials of an Integrated Crowd Management Support System Based on Collective Artificial Intelligence
• Small inertia regularization of an anisotropic aggregation model
• An Information-Theoretic Law Governing Human Multi-Task Navigation Decisions
• Studying on Opinion Evolution by Hamilton-Jacobi Equation
• Modelling vehicle and pedestrian collective dynamics: Challenges and advances
• Particle methods for multi-group pedestrian flow
• Dyadic Human Motion Prediction
• Reward Shaping with Subgoals for Social Navigation
• Turbulence and Shock-Waves in Crowd Dynamics
• Optimal control for interacting particle systems driven by neural networks
• The Medial Axis of a Multi-Layered Environment and its Application as a Navigation Mesh
• DeepMNavigate: Deep Reinforced Multi-Robot Navigation Unifying Local & Global Collision Avoidance
• Cyber-Physical Modeling and Control of Crowd of Pedestrians: A Review and New Framework
• Collective Information Processing and Pattern Formation in swarms, flocks and crowds
• Preventing congestion in crowd dynamics caused by reversing flow
• Flying V and Reference Aircraft Evacuation Simulation and Comparison
• Microscopic dynamics of the evacuation phenomena
• Caught Active Walkers
• Social Navigation Planning Based on People's Awareness of Robots
• Decision-making processes underlying pedestrian behaviours at signalised crossing: Part 1. The first to step off the kerb
• A meshfree particle method for a vision-based macroscopic pedestrian model
• Avalanches of choice: how stranger-to-stranger interactions shape crowd dynamics
• Modeling tagged pedestrian motion: a mean-field type game approach
• Simulation of Wheelchair Movements in Crowd Using Fine Grid Cellular Automata
• A re-examination of the role of friction in the original Social Force Model
• Capturing the Dynamics of Pedestrian Traffic Using a Machine Vision System
• Influence-Based Reward Modulation for Implicit Communication in Human-Robot Interaction
• Lane formation by side-stepping
• A Needle in a Haystack -- How to Derive Relevant Scenarios for Testing Automated Driving Systems in Urban Areas
• Collective motions of heterogeneous swarms
• An effective control of large systems of active particles: An application to evacuation problem
• Socially Constrained Structural Learning for Groups Detection in Crowd
• Learning Interaction-Aware Trajectory Predictions for Decentralized Multi-Robot Motion Planning in Dynamic Environments
• Future Localization from an Egocentric Depth Image
• Crowd Behavior Dynamics: Entropic Path-Integral Model
• An End-to-End Learning Approach for Trajectory Prediction in Pedestrian Zones
• Randomly Distributed Delayed Communication and Coherent Swarm Patterns
• Pedestrian Flow Models with Slowdown Interactions
• Model Predictive Contouring Control for Collision Avoidance in Unstructured Dynamic Environments
• A 2D kinetic model for crowd dynamics with disease contagion
• Cross Scene Prediction via Modeling Dynamic Correlation using Latent Space Shared Auto-Encoders
• Robust Route Planning for Sidewalk Delivery Robots
• Self-Organised Optimality in Driven Systems with Symmetrical Interactions
• Polynomial Trajectory Predictions for Improved Learning Performance
• Modeling Interactions of Multimodal Road Users in Shared Spaces
• Does the dataset meet your expectations? Explaining sample representation in image data
• Observing cities as a complex system
• Move Beyond Trajectories: Distribution Space Coupling for Crowd Navigation
• Personality-Aware Probabilistic Map for Trajectory Prediction of Pedestrians
• Euro-PVI: Pedestrian Vehicle Interactions in Dense Urban Centers
• Probability Trajectory: One New Movement Description for Trajectory Prediction
• Macroscopic modeling and simulations of room evacuation