A Degenerate Bose-Fermi Mixture of Metastable Atoms

Abstract

We report the observation of simultaneous quantum degeneracy in a dilute gaseous Bose-Fermi mixture of metastable atoms. Sympathetic cooling of helium-3 (fermion) by helium-4 (boson), both in the lowest triplet state, allows us to produce ensembles containing more than 10^6 atoms of each isotope at temperatures below 1 micro-Kelvin, and achieve a fermionic degeneracy parameter of T/Tf=0.45. Due to their high internal energy, the detection of individual metastable atoms with sub-nanosecond time resolution is possible, permitting the study of bosonic and fermionic quantum gases with unprecedented precision. This may lead to metastable helium becoming the mainstay of quantum atom optics.

4 pages, 3 figures submitted to PRL

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• Fermi-Bose mixture across a Feshbach resonance
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• Heteronuclear collisions between laser-cooled metastable neon atoms
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• Bose-like few-fermion systems
• Measurement of the $s$-wave scattering length between metastable helium isotopes
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• Quantum simulation of the Hubbard model with ultracold fermions in optical lattices